present participle
In English, the perfect is formed with 'have' and the past participle of the verb.在英语中，完成时是由 have 加动词的过去分词构成的。
In Standard American, 'gotten' is used as a past participle of 'get'.在规范的美国英语中，get 的过去分词为 gotten。
The past participle is used to form the passive.
Some adjectives are formed from past participles, like for example 'broken' in 'a broken leg'.
Some past participles are irregular, such as 'given', 'made' or 'seen'.

SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Linguistics: verb forms, tenses & types of verbs
accusative
art
bare infinitive
bent
continuous
copula
finite
gerund
modality
non-finite
non-progressive
passive
passivization
perfective
phrasal verb
subjunctive
the active voice
the future perfect
the past continuous
the past tense

past participle | American Dictionary

past participle
noun[ C ]
us/ˈpæst ˈpær·təˌsɪp·əl, -sə·pəl/
grammar
a form of a verb that is used to show past action or to make perfect tenses and adjectives:
"Sung" is the past participle of the verb "sing."

Examples of past participle

past participle
This is formed with a form of the verb "have" and a pastparticiple.
Words are also linked by morphologically derived relations: pertainym or pastparticiple.
Other things being equal, we expect a verb to have a nominalization, just as we expect it to have a pastparticiple.
The subsequent forms are the simple past tense and the pastparticiple.
The main clause consists of a modal, the past tense, the perfect aspect, and the pastparticiple form.
The counts disambiguate different parts of speech, thus distinguishing the use of dropped as a pastparticiple from dropped as a past tense.
The pastparticiple, for instance, is argued to require words starting in a weak syllable.
Note that the stative form got is distinguished from a second form of the pastparticiple in get: gotten.
In passives, agents are merely omitted and this is marked by passive morphology (be + pastparticiple).
For the majority of verbs, however, the agreement on the pastparticiple does not yield an audible distinction.
Instead, she assumes that the pastparticiple expresses anteriority and claims that the present tense is a standard, present tense.
Diversification of verbal forms involving the production of marked forms of the infinitive and past participle was found for concrete and abstract action verbs.
The corpus contains 75 instances of get with a pastparticiple, and of these, 38 percent may be considered inchoative.
We present some examples of dictionary entries: two allomorph stems for imprimir (figure 2), and two verbal ending entries (allomorphs) for the pastparticiple morphemes (figure 7).
In this way, homographs and homonyms, such as wind (noun) and wind (verb), or set (noun), set (infinitive), set (past tense), set (pastparticiple) are kept apart in the corpus.
See all examples of past participle
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.