词汇 | grammar_british-grammar_word-classes-and-phrase-classes | ||||||||
释义 | Word classes and phrase classesMajor word classesEnglish has four major word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They have many thousands of members, and new nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are often created. Nouns are the most common type of word, followed by verbs. Adjectives are less common and adverbs are even less common. Many words belong to more than one word class. For example, book can be used as a noun or as a verb; fast can be used as an adjective or an adverb:
Typical word-class suffixesA suffix can often, but not always, tell us if a word is a noun, verb, adjective or adverb:
A good learner’s dictionary will tell you what class or classes a word belongs to. See also: Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Suffixes Word formation Other word classesThe other word classes include prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions and interjections. PrepositionsPrepositions describe the relationship between words from the major word classes. They include words such as at, in, on, across, behind, for:
See also: Prepositions PronounsPronouns are words which substitute for noun phrases, so that we do not need to say the whole noun phrase or repeat it unnecessarily. Pronouns include words such as you, it, we, mine, ours, theirs, someone, anyone, one, this, those:
See also: Pronouns DeterminersDeterminers come before nouns. They show what type of reference the noun is making. They include words such as a/an, the, my, his, some, this, both:
See also: Determiners (the, my, some, this) ConjunctionsConjunctions show a link between one word, phrase or clause and another word, phrase or clause. They include and, but, when, if, because:
See also: Conjunctions InterjectionsInterjections are mostly exclamation words (e.g. gosh! wow! oh!), which show people’s reactions to events and situations:
See also: Interjections (ouch, hooray) Discourse markers (so, right, okay) Phrase classesThe different word classes can form the basis of phrases. When they do this, they operate as the head of the phrase. So, a noun operates as the head of a noun phrase, a verb as the head of a verb phrase, and so on. Heads of phrases (H) can have words before them (e.g. determiners (det), adjectives (adj), adverbs (adv)) or after them (e.g. postmodifiers (pm) or complements (c)): Noun phrase (underlined)
Adverb phrase (underlined)
Prepositional phrase (underlined)
See also: Noun phrases Verb phrases Adjective phrases Adverb phrases Prepositional phrases |
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