| 词汇 | example_english_pre-election |
| 释义 | Examples of pre-electionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. In other words, our models do not use the difference between pre-election and post-election system support as the dependent variable. During the pre-election interview respondents were asked if they would be willing to participate in the post election survey. For 1996, we used the general government trust pre-election measure to control for pre-election trust. Evidence of political manipulation would be a departure from the trends in an expansionary direction during the relevant pre-election periods. Adjustments to the minimum pension were not so concentrated in pre-election months, in part because the minimum pension was adjusted far more often. This hypothesis predicts that the pre-election surge in personal income growth is a monotonic decreasing function of the incumbent government's ex ante re-election prospects. Thirdly, the strategic environment in the pre-election year is different from that of the election year. Rather, change is modelled by controlling for pre-election attitudes in the model predicting post-election attitudes. As in 1972, pre-election trust and evaluations of the health of the macroeconomy turned out to be significant predictors of trust in government in 1996. More substantial changes in attitudes are evident between the pre-election and post-election observations. In the pre-election survey no neutral category is offered. The darker line indicates those respondents who participated in both waves while the lighter line indicates those who only participated in the pre-election wave. In the second model, post-election attitudes are estimated as a function of pre-election attitudes. Based on the theoretical expectations about opportunistic manipulation of the economy before elections, we should expect higher levels of government expenditure in the pre-election periods. The most consistent lever of pre-election manipulation was the minimum wage, which rose more than average in all four pre-vote periods. The analysis shows how the legislative median party, the legislative plurality party and pre-election coalition agreements between parties shape these connections. It is with this in mind that an outline of pre-election political history is necessary. What we have found, then, is that a non-linear short-run relationship exists between real transfers (a non-stationary variable) and pre-election popularity levels. All those cases where the pre-election observations have the sign predicted by opportunistic business cycle theory are in italic. The pre-election boom had to be reined back in i960, and a period of economic 'stop-go' policies ensued. The independent variables are pre-election lagged versions of the same variables. When both pre-election agreements and post-election cross-median governments are entered into the equation, the latter is reduced by more than half and becomes statistically insignificant. Yet, the nomination outcome is often, but not always, predicted by pre-election year polls. Due to the use of a split sample during the pre-election interview, sample sizes are smaller for each individual question. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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