| 词汇 | example_english_policymaker |
| 释义 | Examples of policymakerThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. This is so because a lower markup reduces the desire of the policymaker to inflate the economy and to boost demand. The policymaker wants to avoid particularly bad outcomes, and therefore wants policy to be robust against specification errors that could have particularly severe consequences. Although we could, in principle, allow for families of rules that involve learning on the part of the policymaker, we abstract from this issue here. In line with the existing literature, we assume that he or she also knows the natural unemployment rate, the policymaker's preferences, the parameters characterizing eq. The policymaker's willingness to resist also influences the first-period behavior of the speculators, who become less inclined to attack. By assumption, the policymaker will never be able to revise his policy rule as a function of future shock realizations and initial conditions. A policymaker working from the preferential best evidence principle might nonetheless adopt such a proxy-preferential doctrine. Thus, since without commitment the policymaker cannot (credibly) deliver the optimal degree of smoothness, the gains from being able to commit increase as and increase. However, here the policymaker's perspective is adopted, not the private sector's. Indeed, a policymaker's or advocacy group's time frame for policy change is important to consider. Without commitment, the policymaker is not able to (credibly) smooth his response to the degree that he would like. Put another way, and from the policymaker's perspective, one has little information about the time frame within which there are opportunities for intervention. Beyond specifying the general nature of her uncertainty, no further information is required from the policymaker (beyond her loss function) to construct the robust policy. Our results imply that a 'transparent policy' during a currency crisis is in the policymaker's interest. In fact, as already remarked, our agents decide upon the next-period wage having perceived whether the policymaker has resisted the currency attack. If allowed to reoptimize in the future, the policymaker would almost certainly want to revise his policy in response to intervening shocks. We therefore want to consider reasonable degrees of model uncertainty that cannot be easily identified by the policymaker. In this way, first-period expectations affect the second-period fundamental and thus the policymaker's future ability to resist an attack. Thus, for a given real-interest-rate differential, a lower and a higher are responsible for larger fluctuations of inflation and the output gap, and make the policymaker worse off. However, ironically, if public interest in the issue is increased, and if the above expectation holds true, the advocate may decrease her chances of a policymaker taking her advice. Furthermore, for simplicity and clarification of the mechanisms at hand, we suppose that the weights x and i that characterize the policymaker's preferences are known to the policymaker. Accordingly, the resistance threshold for the policymaker and the trigger signal for speculators are lower, whereas the expected share of attackers and the expected probability of default are higher. As we did for the second period, we need to determine a trigger signal (which determines the speculators' behavior) and a resistance threshold for the policymaker. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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