| 词汇 | example_english_policy-making |
| 释义 | Examples of policy-makingThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Chapter five is again a rather theoretical one because the author deals with different types of policy and policy-making, policy analysis and electoral systems. Economic policy-making is indeed the subject of this book, but it does not really cover the period 1964-2000. During the 1980s, the new government tried to manage the economy independently of outside influences, and policy-making was dominated by domestic pressures. This gain is not present where the administering authority has no policy-making power. The privy council continues to be regarded as the main, corporate, advisory body and extra-conciliar counsel as antipathetical to the ' normal ' process of policy-making. Therefore, a division of competences persists in which the federal government is primarily responsible for policy-making, while state governments are primarily responsible for policy implementation. At the same time, the federal government is unlikely to abandon its role in policy-making. In the 1990s economic policy-making has been largely reactive : either to crises, like drought, or to donor pressure. The evidence suggests that the organization of central-local policy-making does indeed contribute to our understanding of differences across nations as well as across policy areas. Apparently, the first year of economic policy-making by the purple coalition has been - in retrospect - characterized by developing a new practice of negotiating incomes policy. The pensioners' organisations that emerged as the welfare state matured have changed policy-making and gained considerable influence. Such loss of direct usability in policy-making and analysis is another drawback of physical indicators. Other virtues, however, especially the leadership virtues, manifested themselves throughout the 1973-96 period in the course of both policy-making and implementation. This is then applied to consider in turn the nature of the public sphere, policy-making, policy implementation and societal incorporation. This is because in democracies, multiple principals, including the public and the legislature, have increased access to the policy-making process and, hence, influence over bureaucrats. Institutional structure and partisan balance of course play an important role in directing policy-making. The initiation of policy by new players and the creation of new policy-making bodies are therefore significant in reducing the influence of the social partners. He was also provided with a certain degree of insulation from hitherto prevalent patterns of rent-seeking and inuence-peddling, which allowed new approaches to policy-making. It will appeal especially to undergraduate students who should appreciate the emphasis on the varied and contested nature of both history and policy-making. If this is a correct interpretation, how has it affected the policy-making process with regard to the falling birthrate? Rather, multiple principals, including the public and the legislature, have seen their access to the policy-making process increase. Meanwhile, both governments lacked a realistic and sophisticated understanding of the other side's policy-making process. These challenges affected the functioning of governmental institutions and, in turn, the policy-making process. Hence, he saw no need to protect their autonomy or the integrity of their policy-making process. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。