| 词汇 | example_english_optic-nerve |
| 释义 | Examples of optic nerveThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The 3-field technique was superior in sparing the thyroid and opticnerve. Here, we will discuss neuron-glial interactions and neurotransmitter mediated neuron-glial signalling in the white matter of the mouse opticnerve. Counts were obtained every 2- 4 mm, with gaps at some places, such as near the opticnerve head or at blemishes. During eye dissection, a large segment of the opticnerve distal to the eyecup was preserved. Factors affecting the survival of cat retinal ganglion cells after opticnerve injury. Firstly, the reformation of the retinotopic map in the optic tectum involves growth processes that are differentially affected by spiking activity in the opticnerve. Several sham fish were treated in the same manner as the opticnerve crush subjects, except their opticnerve was not crushed. This suggests that the surgical preparation procedures produced some opticnerve damage. The density increases quite steeply from 4000 cells 0mm 2 to 12,000 cells 0mm 2 in a region just dorsal to the opticnerve head. The region indicated as central retina was located approximately 0.5 mm from the opticnerve head. The dashed line depicts the central limit of each hemiretina and the open circle represents the position of the opticnerve head. Therefore, this pedigree may be a model for a nonglaucomatous opticnerve disease or other anomaly. The teleost opticnerve has been the focus of numerous studies investigating regeneration and synaptogenesis. A quantitative study of reinnervation of the goldfish optic tectum following opticnerve crush. The conjunctiva was cut and the globe retracted with forceps to expose the opticnerve. Optic axon number was determined from opticnerve sections by electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity is strong on the interfascicular glia throughout the opticnerve, but is poor in the central chiasm. The effect of chronically elevated intraocular pressure on the rat opticnerve head extracellular matrix. The distance of the cell to the center of the opticnerve head was measured and taken as the cell's eccentricity. From the lab to the clinic: activation of an alpha-2 agonist pathway is neuroprotective in models of retinal and opticnerve injury. No pathological changes were observed around the larva, neither in the opticnerve nor in the brain, including the optic chiasma. In the opticnerve, axons are devoid of myelin. Some extrasynaptic labelling of ganglion cell somata and the opticnerve fiber was also seen (data not shown). Simultaneous binocular assessment of multiple opticnerve and cor tical regions in diseases affecting nerve conduction. Histopathological sections revealed a larva in the opticnerve of the gerbil 6 days after inoculation (fig. 2). The most common route of spread is by invasion through the opticnerve. The subject's eye muscles were cut, and the eye was slightly pulled out to expose the opticnerve. Data were sampled and averaged from temporal region near the opticnerve head. Patterning of central synapses in regeneration of the opticnerve in teleosts. Its final point of attachment at the opticnerve head was cut with scissors. In all species, the opticnerve head is located near the geometric center of the retina. Mild nerves have few or no damaged axons in the opticnerve. Visual deprivation causes myopia in chicks with opticnerve section. Regrowth of retinal ganglion cell axons into a peripheral nerve graft in the adult hamster is enhanced by a concurrent opticnerve crush. In addition to anatomical recovery, goldfish have demonstrated the recovery of visual function following opticnerve damage. Apparently, the surgical preparation produced some damage to the opticnerve. An asterisk indicates the upper end of the opticnerve head. The tip of the microelectrode was identified and the area of retinal contact determined to be dorsal or ventral to the opticnerve head. This is consistent with some form of injury to the opticnerve. For electron microscopy, opticnerve sections were removed from just behind the orbit at the time of eye dissection and stored in 2% glutaraldehyde. Cells with large elongated receptive field centers have also been found in the opticnerve, and, with a higher number, in the tectum of goldfish. Opticnerve benthic; nocturnal; head is small and positioned centrally in the ventral retina. Electroretinographic responses to alternating gratings before and after section of the opticnerve. A model to study differences between primary and secondary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in rats by partial opticnerve transection. Based on cluster size, presumed nodal clusters were not observed in the opticnerve. An element in the alpha1-tubulin promoter is necessary for retinal expression during opticnerve regeneration but not after eye injury in the adult zebrafish. The hatched oval represents the body of the sunfish and all opticnerve crushes were performed on the right eye. In the present experiments, three different tests of visual recovery were given at regular intervals after the right opticnerve was crushed. In addition, paraformaldehyde-fixed eyes were embedded in paraffin and a midsaggital series was cut through the opticnerve head of each eye. Estimating normal opticnerve axon numbers in non-human primate eyes. In the opticnerve, demyelination is more complete, with 95% of axons lacking myelin by 90 days of age. Our group has reported the successful regeneration process of retinal ganglion cell axons after unilateral transection of the lizard opticnerve. The opticnerve head was cut to release the retina before cutting away the sclera. Each animal was anesthetized after 3 days of testing and an intraoral approach was used to gain access to the opticnerve. An axon heading towards the opticnerve head was never observed in these cells. In addition, this study examined the recovery of visual function following opticnerve damage in the zebrafish. The data were obtained from the temporal side of the ver tical meridian, which is near the opticnerve head of the representative retinas. This was demonstrated by comparing responses before and after opticnerve damage. All of the women in our tamoxifen study had normal-appearing retinas and opticnerve heads on photographic evaluation. We found that the two cetacean nerves share a number of specializations that distinguish them from the opticnerve of terrestrial mammals. The area around the opticnerve was stained poorly and could not be counted. Extraocular muscles were removed and the opticnerve was cut away. There are also special chapters on the human fovea, opticnerve, genomics, and zebrafish. The percentage of each sample's area of the entire opticnerve face was calculated. Over one hundred microns of retinal sections centered through the opticnerve were collected per tissue. Increased intraocular pressure, caused by obstruction of normal outflow of fluids, results in glaucoma causing neuropathy of opticnerve and blindness. The number of ganglion cells is confirmed by quantitatively assessing the number of axons within the opticnerve. The highest densities of cells were recorded in temporal retina, just ventral to the opticnerve head. The population of retinal ganglion cells was removed by opticnerve transection on the second postnatal day, and retinas were subsequently studied in adulthood. Sampled sites were selected only to avoid discontinuities in the mosaic or tissue distortions associated with the opticnerve head and retinal margin. Light-grey shading indicates areas of intense labelling in the opticnerve and tract. Cellular retinaldehydebinding protein is expressed by oligodendrocytes in opticnerve and brain. A small craniotomy was performed and the cortex overlying the opticnerve was removed using vacuum suction. The purpose of this study was to measure the rate and accuracy of opticnerve regeneration in hybrid sunfish using anatomical and behavioral methods. After crushing one opticnerve in three trained sunfish, recovery of visual avoidance, dorsal light reflex and orienting to gratings, were monitored over 315 days. The procedure left the opticnerve sheath intact. Viewing from the beam's eye view of the vertex field, the temporal lobes, opticnerve, pituitary gland and thyroid cartilage were inside the field path. With specialized cells and high metabolic demands, the opticnerve and retina are vulnerable to toxic exposure. Their eye conditions were congenital opticnerve hypoplasia (incomplete development of the opticnerve) and retinal dystrophy (nonfunctional retina). Histopathologically, we found a larva in the opticnerve and optic chiasma. No inflammatory changes were observed around the larvae, although eosinophil infiltrations were scattered beneath the sheath of the opticnerve. Here, he continued his work on the opticnerve, but more broadly tried to uncover the organisational structure of living organisms. This causes nerve fibre damage in the opticnerve head and leads to visual defects, progressing to blindness. The scissors and break in the opticnerve indicate the opticnerve was cut to deprive the eye of efferent input. A concern with these experiments is that cutting the lateral opticnerve may lead to a general disruption of lateral eye function. One opticnerve preparation included three optic nerves, whereas each retina served as an individual sample. Sections 3 mm thick were cut through the opticnerve. The second purpose was to examine the recovery of visual functioning of the tectum following opticnerve damage. Here we focused on the region 6100 mm from the opticnerve head. Chronology of opticnerve head and retinal responses to elevated intraocular pressure. She found that at longer times after opticnerve section than we studied, visual acuity recovered only to 78% of normal. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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