| 词汇 | example_english_infect |
| 释义 | Examples of infectThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, most of the latter are chronically infected. The fish were infected with 18 helminth species, four myxozoans and one protozoan. In highly endemic areas dogs may be infected with hundreds or even thousands of parasites on average. Table 3 compares the households with only the index case infected to the households with two or more seropositive members (including the index case). The occurrence of influenza-related complications was similarly distributed among individuals infected with each virus variant. Over the years, limited outbreaks due to infected food or non-pasteurized milk have occurred. Occupied only by infected livestock (assume any infected wildlife within a patch immediately go extinct); the number of patches is i. Specifically we investigate levels of heterozygote deficit in the genotypes of oocysts from multiply infected mosquitoes. Ten to twenty per cent of all congenitally infected children have manifested disease. The number of latently infected individuals at the x-axis ranges from 0 to 20. Children have been shown to be infected simultaneously by one, two [9] or multiple enteric viruses [14] or different strains of the same virus [15]. In the brain, macrophages/microglial cells are productively infected, while neurons and oligodendroglia are not. The perfectionist speaks of '(simply) good', not 'good for', since 'good for' is infected with desire-dependence. There are n kinds of illness that she may be infected with and each requiring a particular medication. Initially, we do not know the exact illness that the patient is infected with. However, sensitivity may be lower for babies born to women infected in the first trimester of pregnancy. As in earlier analyses, comparisons were made between experiments using hosts infected with either rediae or sporocysts. Even more prominent differences were observed between calves infected with the above-mentioned isolates. The first intermediate hosts in trematode life cycles serve as a means to asexually increase the number of clones available for infecting subsequent hosts. In experimental infections, no adult worms or larvae were recovered from mice infected orally and peritoneally nor from chicks infected orally. Wedding cakes were probably contaminated directly by infected food handlers, or indirectly via contaminated food preparation surfaces or utensils. Estimates of the minimum percentage of subjects infected in the group of highly exposed and less exposed exhibitors. Through case notes they also show details about individuals who were infected with infectious disease. The discovery that men were infected with hookworm resulted from the preliminary investigations. Many are first infected in late youth or adulthood, so that the disease usually presents in a symptomatic and serious form. The rate of meningitis in the infected infants was 30 % while all the recently infected adults were asymptomatic. The maximum of 10 % initial prevalence corresponds to the complete subflock being infected. Note that all susceptible contact animals were infected, and that only one of the infected animals survived the infection. Most young cases must have been infected recently [9], given that they have had relatively few years of life in which to have become infected. The rate of infection determines the proportion of women infected during their childbearing years in the absence of vaccination. The mean helminth richness per infected host was 1.4 ^ 0.6 (range 1 - 4; n 1⁄4 128). Naturally infected flukes were identical with those recovered from experimentally infected fish. Part of the observed variability of infecting levels between samples could also be associated with temporal changes. Two of the 5 were infected with a total of 33 worms; 23 in one mouse and 10 in the other. The study included 24 fresh cattle livers from infected animals and two uninfected controls. The physiology of the host is not only affected by direct exposure to pollution, but also when the host is infected with pollutant-exposed cercariae. Two groups of lambs were experimentally infected with different isolates, and kept separated on previously ungrazed plots. To confirm that all animals were not infected with nematode parasites, faecal samples were taken at turnout. Only 8.0% of the snails with shell length 15 mm were infected, in contrast to 98.0% of the snails with shell length > 26 mm. The liver and lungs of rodents, which were found to be infected during perfusion, were also examined for the presence of schistosomes. No data exist for the effects of basic salts or their mixtures on hosts infected with other endoparasites. The infected cell itself tended to lose the expression of desmin with time, but desmin expression was increased in satellite cell origin cytoplasm (table 4). Likewise, the year-round presence of cystacanths in amphipods revealed that the acanthocephalan infects fish throughout the year. The present results on predilection sites in naturally infected horses are comparable to those of other studies of experimentally infected animals. The source of this infection was 25 fish infected with a mean of 159.6 trophonts per fish (table 1). In the second group of six rabbits each given 200 metacercariae, five were infected, with two or three flukes per host. The unidentified nematode larvae did not exhibit any relationship correlated with flounder length, with length groups infected to varying degrees (fig. 1b). Fish were found to be infected with this nematode throughout the year. Humans become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from soil or contaminated food. When metacercariae harvested from the snakes and intercostal muscles of rodents were infected orally to cats, they developed into adult flukes in the small intestine. Naive lambs were infected with larvae obtained from control and fenbendazole treated groups and were necropsied 35 days after infection for worm recovery. In addition, the number of cysts (which ranged between 3 and 48 per infected camel) was also higher in camels over 10 years of age. From days 2 -7, both infected and uninfected juveniles had survival rates of greater than 80%. Only 25 % of the model simulations have samples infected with three serogroups. However, epidemiological studies that take all infected family members into consideration are lacking. However, none of the four rabbits inoculated with the diluted (10x2) preparation from 91 days exposure were infected. The unit approach to cycle avoidance is potentially more accurate, but at the expense of infecting interfaces with complex dependency information. In this case, hosts may be infected by the parasites but more resistant ones are harmed less. Estimated parasitaemia at malaria diagnosis ranged widely from 100 to 200 000 infected red blood cells\\l of blood. Few authors have looked at the antibody response of fish that are naturally infected with fish lice. On average, copepods were infected with 2n3 parasites. When a copepod is infected by a parasite, good physical condition should become even more crucial for survival compared to parasite-free conditions. Thus, parasites may avoid being eaten by cleaners by infecting fish at times when predators are scarce. The probability of a marine gastropod being infected by a trematode. Overall, 51n04 % of snails were infected (range across 9 sites l 8n7-100 %) with 1 or more species. Epidemiological processes appear to be the most parsimonious explanation for the diversity, abundance and distribution of ectoparasite species infecting fish. Individuals were assumed to be either infected, with probability p, or not. Older hosts have a higher probability of being infected. Parasites were mostly shaped as small dots or ring forms, and were located on the periphery of multiply infected erythrocytes. Neither was there a spatial difference in the distribution of nesting infected and uninfected males in the field. However, using the longitudinal data, samples can be more reliably classified as uninfected or infected. Transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus from infected to noninfected black flies co-feeding on nonviremic deer mice. Both adult and nymphal ticks become persistently infected and provide an overwintering mechanism for the virus. In a further assay, samples from animals infected with a range of species were re-examined. Of the mice infected, without reinfection, 60 % exhibited electrocardiographic dysfunction at 90 days post-infection. In one of the latter districts 36 % of children under 9 years old were infected. Monkeys, sheep, goats and the duikerbok have been successfully infected in this manner. The bug becomes infective eight daysafter feeding upon infected blood and remains infective over a year. The infection was maintained by a fluctuating proportion of the fish population and no single fish was continuously infected. Only once, at day 28, were all the fish simultaneously infected. In many low income countries it is often more common to be infected than not to be. In total, 109 (19 %) bank voles and 12 (8 %) wood mice were infected. Around two-fifths of the world's population are now at risk of the disease (one estimate is that 80 million people are infected each year). He infected his hearers with the sense that this search after religious truth was of urgent importance to humanity. People who were infected by them immediately became as men possessed ad out of their minds. There were no pelvic ganglion neurons infected by both viruses. The cause of the neurotoxicity remains unclear as neurons are not infected, but the disturbance of glutamate-linked calcium entry has been implicated. The idea of nature is also vulnerable to being easily infected by notions of 'human nature'. The models include such factors as the spatial structure and heterogeneity of host populations and the topology of contacts between infected and susceptible individuals. Patients in endemic areas may be infected by multiple contacts with different triatomines and these, in turn, may feed on different infected individuals. A damaged or infected cell might secrete chaperonins to signal a stress to neighbouring cells. Each child was infected with a different mycobacterial species, suggesting that an innate defect in host immunity was involved. Unfortunately, these early signs of institutional ageism infected some of the key figures of the day. The exception was a single cat infected by a bat variant. To obtain spores of this parasite, we took one naturally infected female and kept her in good food condition until she died from the infection. In the outbreak reported in this paper, many clinical units were affected and a substantial proportion of caregivers infected. All animals that were infected were assumed to be infectious. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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