| 词汇 | example_english_elephant |
| 释义 | Examples of elephantThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Even worse : on the ground there has hardly been any implication for borders, other than the release of elephants and other wildlife. In conclusion, this species appears to be promoted by elephants, but can thrive without them. In conclusion, the species can regenerate without elephants, but may have in the past been dispersed mostly by elephants. Conversely, when graze is limited there will be higher utilization of acacias by elephants but also fires of low intensity. Utilizing the nutritional needs of elephants, two low-cost strategies could be used to reduce crop-raiding behaviour. Since other herbivores determine to a large extent the availability of grasses, they are likely to influence the decision of elephants to feed on browse. The majority of the elephants using the park disperse during the wet season into surrounding areas to forage. The damage elephants cause to the vegetation cover therefore has an indirect effect on other ungulate populations, which has considerable implications for management authorities. Experiments were monitored every 2-7 d when fruits were palatable to elephants and every 2-4 wk when the flesh had rotted. Using this annual growth rate, we can estimate that in 1971 there were 1200 elephants. Essentially all marked fruits would have been available given that elephants ate fruits well before other fates occurred. At the top left are depictions of two elephants. Below the elephants is a giraffe with a typically exaggerated neck. However, the elephants were not a great success and the role of the buffaloes was a limited one. Significant costs from living with elephants and other types of wildlife are demonstrated. Animal species were divided into four groups: elephants, other wild herbivores, wild predators, and livestock. The reason is that banning trade will not stop the culling of elephants if the managing agency aims to maximize social welfare. The commissary department employed a committee of officers to survey elephants whenever they were procured for public service. Later it imported elephants for hauling the logs to the river. Without constant maintenance the road would quickly become overgrown with plants and easily damaged by floods and elephants. How much does the international community value the conservation of some 650 elephants? In particular smaller-bodied herbivores showed such compensatory changes in abundance in response to a rapid increase in livestock stocking (elephants are less sensitive). A higher proportion of fruits was consumed at trees that fruited longer, and elephants appeared to concentrate foraging in areas with many fruiting trees. In this paper, we have concentrated on the quantitative aspect of frugivory and seed dispersal by elephants. Higher sodium concentrations and lower concentrations of secondary compounds in crops may allow elephants to solve the complexities of meeting sodium requirements from wild foods. Thus, we expect adequate levels for wild elephants to fall between the range suggested for horses and elephants. In conclusion, this species is dispersed by elephants but is not obviously dependent on them and is able to thrive without them. In conclusion, this species does not depend on elephants, but probably benefits slightly through dispersal by them. In the context of other processes current in these forests, loss of elephants is an insignificant concern for plant biodiversity. Once grassland is formed, however, elephants are able to maintain the situation. Such a state, however, only persists in the long run if elephants are capable of maintaining high population densities, despite competition with other herbivores. Beyond 2 km from the river front, terrain ruggedness was clearly the most significant factor affecting degree of use by the elephants. Is it really likely that this extra 5,700 grams in elephants has no behavioral implications? However, the picture changes in times of drought, when access to the swamps for food and water becomes necessary to support the elephants. They chiefly lived on sea elephants tongues, which on average weight about three ton each, so you guess they have pretty big tongues. The other involved the employment of decoy female elephants to entice wild males. After a while, the elephants destroy the trees, drastically changing the wildlife that the area can sustain and even affecting the physical landscape. Once funding assistance has been accepted, "white elephants" loom on the horizon. In conclusion, elephants may help with dispersal away from rivers, but are not essential to regeneration. In conclusion, although clearly relished and dispersed by elephants, all available evidence suggests that the regeneration is not dependent on them. Feeding elephants tear off entire branches with their trunks, leaving characteristic scars on the sides and ends of damaged stems. If the fruit experiments in these avoided regions are excluded, then elephants visited 63.9% of fruiting trees and consumed 36.6% of available fruits. The elephant's being heavy thus is independent of any individual person's beliefs or attitudes. Apes and elephants disperse large quantities of seeds in their dung, and most arboreal consumers generally drop seeds under the canopy. Destructive behaviour by elephants increases tree mortality and may result in conversion of woodland to grassland. Samples were taken to the depth dug by elephants during geophagy. Indeed, it is possible that elephants modify habitats of other ungulate species only in areas close to water sources. Thus, at this level of dietary sodium, the drive for sodium could cause elephants to pursue foods that only incrementally improve their total intake. Multiple feeding trails from a single group of elephants were randomly chosen and followed for a minimum distance of 5 km each month. Furthermore, elephants move to foraging areas outside the park during the wet season, allowing trees to recover from dry season browsing through coppicing. In conclusion, this species can regenerate without elephants, but is probably promoted by them, especially towards the drier parts of its range. A measure on a single life-cycle metric is like examining a por tion of the elephant's morphology. Buffaloes and elephants were also employed to haul logs. When the discount rate applied by the managing agency exceeds a certain threshold, the optimum stock of elephants is greater with a trade ban. A few elephants, however, were present in this region. The entrance to the keddah was strewn with the choice fruit and vegetables of elephants. The primacy of community over the individual is expressed in a contemporary story about people transforming themselves into elephants. The older elephants have travelled the furthest and experienced the greatest range of climactic conditions. As these fields are fenced in to protect the crops from predation, migratory routes for species like elephants are blocked. However, we also have to allow for the possibility that farmers may have systematically undervalued the costs of living with elephants. The land is adapting to the elephants just as they are to it. A second objective was to investigate the potential role of sodium in driving food choice by elephants. Such research has led to the belief that several tree species would go extinct in the absence of forest elephants. However, it is the conservation of elephants that should be of primary concern. However, it can be questioned whether this decline is due to mortality of large trees and whether elephants are the prime cause of this mortality. Increased damage levels in the 1-5 m height class during the 25-y period reflect the high use by elephants of this height class. Within the two savanna types, the occurrence of elephants and fires were not evenly distributed. He suggested that elephants are not the reason for lack of acacia recruits because they only target larger individuals. The elephants move into the neighbouring areas soon after the arrival of the first rains. In the text, all problems are evidently n- concretely dressed, dealing with elephants, peacocks, swans, pearls, etc. The topsoil of the pit-site from which the elephants do not eat was taken as a control sample. Holes in the rivers were only used by forest elephants. All browsers and grazers declined between the early 1980s and the late 1990s, whereas elephants experienced a 16-fold increase. However, all browser species decreased, questioning the effect elephants may have on the small part of vegetation they share with other species. They rather suggest a negative effect of elephants on other herbivore species when elephants are present at high densities. We therefore suggest for future research that the spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of elephants on vegetation be carefully studied. An electric fence was erected to enclose nursery shelters and exclude elephants. Compared with unpassed seeds, seeds passed through an elephant's gut had improved germination (54.9% vs. 2.9%) and reduced time to germination (82 vs. 132 d). Despite this impact, relatively little is known about the factors, nutritional or otherwise, that influence food and habitat selection in elephants. Attempting to explain the difficulties of translating complex concepts of determinants of health into policy without reference to these realities ignores the elephants in the room. Utilization of termitarium soils by elephants and its ecological implications. He noted that on a previous occasion when he was asked for elephants, he had been addressed by no other than the governor general in council. Blind men, elephants and dancing information processors. The obvious question to ask would be: why do mice give birth to mice and elephants to elephants? Conversely, if the banana is strongly preferred, the reasoner will have to decide whether elephants can attack bananas. If the decision-maker's discount rate exceeds a certain threshold, the optimum stock of elephants is greater with a trade ban. Implementation of a trade ban affects both costs and benefits of 'owning elephants'. In times of sufficient rainfall, the swamp areas converted to cropland do not represent a key resource for elephants. What if they proved to be among those nonhuman animals (possibly including the great apes, elephants, and other species) of which this could be said? Not only primates and cetaceans, but also other long-lived mammals, like elephants, have females playing active (crucial) post-reproductive roles. With him were 18,000 cavalry, 120,000 infantry, 150 elephants, and considerable artillery. Another spoiler is the elephants which constantly damage the trees. The mammoth was related to but distinct from the modern elephants, and therefore it must be an extinct species of the same genus. Accompanied by seven elephants, the hunting party approached the tiger. The training of elephants for entertainment occurred alongside the training of elephants for hunting, and most huntsmen were engaged in military affairs. Every child learns that elephants never forget; that their excellent memory is essential for survival. The mountain scenery went up to reveal a chamber with gilded elephants at the sides and a curtained platform at the back. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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