| 词汇 | example_english_defector |
| 释义 | Examples of defectorThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. It replaces the problem of explaining cooperation with that of explaining punishment of defectors. It also allowed us to see significant differences in the make-up of the defectors. If some ten defectors voted against the bills, it would lead to their rejection. Basically, everyone would like to connect to a cooperator (since this leads to a higher payoff both as a defector or as a cooperator). We see that defectors obtain a higher payoff, so they have a higher probability of being imitated. Consequently, at low producer frequencies, the producers have a higher fitness than the non-producing defectors (cheaters are defectors that gain an advantage from defection). By doing so, the cooperators can generate a new "dialect" that is hard for the defectors to imitate. Cooperators cannot invade a population of defectors, since a single cooperator would see its payoff reduced to (near-)zero. This is well illustrated in the case of night fishing being effectively restrained by kadakkodis endorsing fines and other punishments on defectors. The initial success obtained by few defectors is quickly learned by the other agents, leading to lower and lower payoffs. And second, they establish graduated enforcement mechanisms to allow potential defectors to learn about the costs of defection without being ostracized (at least, initially). These are just notations for expressing all possible combinations of contributors and defectors. Such defectors separate themselves from the body of the brethren. Can punishment of defectors explain cooperation in social dilemmas? So the number of defectors will always increase and the population will eventually only consist of defectors. Thus, cooperators easily invade a group of punishers; after that, defectors can invade the cooperators. Thus, refusers can invade a population of defectors. In theory, each person should want someone else to spend his or her private resources to punish the defector, which benefits the entire group. If, on the other hand, they find that defectors are receiving higher net benefits, then more and more individuals opt for defection and decreases. The result of such 'selecting in' of intending defectors is a high incidence of defection-based outcomes, in particular, of mutual defection. Why should imaginary entities be effective in punishing moral defectors? The initial success obtained by few defectors is learned by the others, leading to lower and lower payoffs. Punishment of defectors elucidates cooperation in social dilemmas but leaves punishing behavior unexplained. In cases where there are many contributors defectors often go unnoticed and unpunished. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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