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词汇 example_english_comprehension
释义

Examples of comprehension


These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
List comprehensions no longer provide a convenient way to express wheel-rolling.
List comprehensions are compiled to map and filter, where map operates in parallel over these arrays.
The next two propositions relate shapelessness to monad comprehensions.
Efficient compilation of list comprehensions and optimization of database queries have a lot in common.
In this lab you are not allowed to use any of them (or any list comprehensions), but must write your own versions.
Actually, genarray-with-loops are powerful array comprehensions, and fold-with-loops are versatile folding templates, both specifically designed for multi-dimensional arrays.
A prototype implementation has been developed providing, amongst other things, the first concrete implementation of monad comprehensions known to us at the time of writing.
List comprehensions consist of a generator and a filter.
If this behavior is achieved, then neither expressibility nor efficiency requires a separate syntax for array comprehensions.
The parallel construct is the list and list comprehensions are compiled into potentially parallel loops.
In section 3.4, we replace in it3a the abstract by the concrete expressions, simplify, replace iterators by list comprehensions, and introduce names for the intermediate values computed by the phases.
Tukey tests indicated that the adults outperformed the adolescents and the children on imagery and comprehension and the adolescents outperformed the children on comprehension.
Given the similar patterns observed in mental imagery and proverb comprehension across groups, it was important to examine the relationships between the two tasks.
His comprehension was preserved for simple and complex commands.
Fourth, does shallow processing apply to production as well as comprehension?
The remaining two children, however, performed poorly on both production and comprehension, in accordance with the predictions of such accounts.
In this and the next experiments, only data from participants who had an error rate lower than 37% on comprehension questions were included.
Each presentation list also included 32 filler sentences and 34 comprehension questions.
Granting the significance of these research traditions, we would still see it as an advantage if more primary tasks were used in word comprehension research.
The major empirical methods in comprehension research have been metalinguistic: phoneme decision, lexical decision, word spotting, and so on.
Information regarding the time course of language comprehension in aphasia is obviously crucial to our understanding of the underlying pathology.
All the comprehension experiments we analyzed had a binary choice design (containing the correct response and its thematic reversal).
Therefore, it is only logical that there should be some task-specific, comprehension-specific mechanism for solving this problem.
Why should the comprehension deficit, involving traces, be superficially at least so different from the production deficit, involving tensed verb forms?
Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech.
The comprehension of spoken language occurs in real time and requires the immediate processing and construction of meaning.
Non-literal speech interpretation was tested in a novel story comprehension task comparing understanding of metaphorical speech, ironical speech and literal speech.
Tests of verbal fluency and comprehension of grammar were also given.
In a first study, we considered the role of modelling and request type on children's comprehension of gestures and objects as symbols.
However, it does not hold for the comprehension of objects as symbols.
Further work is now needed to explore whether the presence of conjunctions affects young children's comprehension and memory of texts that they read and hear.
In this way, conjunctions may help to reduce processing load and be a useful aid to comprehension.
Working memory and comprehension of spoken sentences : investigations of children with reading disorder.
The way to avoid the classificatory problem is to focus on comprehension rather than production.
The findings are discussed in relation to the role of conjunctions in text comprehension.
Table 2 shows the distribution of children's responses in the 6-item comprehension test.
Discovering the cement of the universe : the development of event comprehension from childhood to adulthood.
Phonological awareness as a predictor of recoding skills and syntactic awareness as a predictor of comprehension skills.
To answer this question, one needs to evaluate the child's comprehension of basic-level terms.
The remaining 8 children were reluctant to label any of the objects, so they were tested only on the comprehension task.
Accordingly, a second purpose of the study was to determine adults' comprehension of metaphoric compounds.
In future work, it will be important to explore how this parental style influences comprehension as well as production.
Three experiments investigated the ability of eight-year old children with poor language comprehension to produce past tense forms of verbs.
By standard measures, many late talkers show age-appropriate word comprehension skills but delayed production skills.
On the contrary, the comprehension process is treated there as being entirely selfcontained and construction-driven, that is, compositional.
In the modular view, sentence comprehension occurs in a series of distinct and independent stages.
Since acquisition involves real-world performance in both production and comprehension, our arguments represent a useful idealization.
Thus, the lack of perception of morphosyntactic feedback may, in part, be due to the lack of importance of morphosyntax in comprehension.
The results indicate that all three variables have some effect on comprehension and input processing.
A comparison of assessment tasks used to measure foreign language reading comprehension.
The relationship of verb morphology to second language reading comprehension and input processing.
In other words, it can be argued that contextual inference from oral input (provided as comprehensible input in both conditions) appears to have facilitated comprehension.
Three components of background knowledge in reading comprehension.
However, the findings suggest that manipulating features of written input can have either positive or negative effects on comprehension.
Although brief, her inclusion of comprehension is important.
The expected gender-based differences in reading comprehension were found.
Effects on reading comprehension of language complexity and cultural background of a text.
Learners on average demonstrated good comprehension of the narrative.
Learners were engaged in both oral and written comprehension and production tasks.
Figure 3 shows the number of errors for comprehension.
The effect of interest level in selected text topics on second language reading comprehension.
Moreover, emotion organizes early understanding of mental states by connecting emotion to broader emergent representations of relationships, self-referent beliefs, and comprehension of behavioral expectations.
Finally, there is some evidence for alignment in comprehension.
A complete model of language use needs to consider how production and comprehension processes work in conjunction.
Rather, we might adopt methodologies in which linguistic theories are evaluated by their potential for expressing coordination of comprehension and production in dialogue.
Rather, it appears that syntactic aspects of working memory are of major relevance during sentence comprehension, in particular when the sentence is syntactically complex.
The studies are here divided in two groups: those investigating language production and those investigating language comprehension in bilinguals.
Comprehension based second language teaching, pp. 477 + 487.
Regional cerebral blood -ow changes during the comprehension of syntactically varying sentences.
Five other participants were excluded due to response biases on the comprehension questions.
What do these errors imply about how words are stored, or about the effect of familiarity on comprehension?
A picture pointing task and a real word synonym task served as comprehension probes.
Moreover, nonword repetition and the standardized language tests together accounted for significant variation in the children's comprehension scores.
In this context, it is important to recall that neither production nor comprehension tasks involved an explicit focus on gender.
In the autoregressor analyses, morphological awareness made a greater contribution to reading comprehension than to single word reading.
The results of the multiple regression analyses indicate a strong connection between syntax comprehension and story recall.
In addition, we investigate gender in comprehension as well as production.
All children in this group scored lower than -1.25 on at least one comprehension subtest and one production subtest.
Thus, the setup of an experimental comprehension task must be carefully controlled so as to exclude good performance derived by nonsyntactic strategies.
I will infer somewhat cautiously, then, that at least these accounts would predict production to be impaired more severely than comprehension.
A poor understanding of connectives, at least at the sentence level, appears to contribute to reading comprehension difficulties for monolingual children.
The relative contributions made by receptive vocabulary, comprehension of different grammatical structures, short-term, and working memory to performance on these tasks was assessed.
In addition, only performance on the semantically constrained trials predicted reading comprehension skill (for the older children).
Another language ability that may influence performance on measures of syntactic awareness is comprehension of different grammatical structures.
The third section contains classroom research on the enhancement of text comprehension through highlighting and the effect of alphabet and fluency on reading.
To facilitate comprehension even when they maintain their idiosyncratic linguistic features, they develop certain discourse strategies-such as topic fronting.
The only way to find out whether students are using selective attention during a listening comprehension task is to ask them.
In other words, instead of having six reading comprehension items each scored 0-1, there would just be one item, scored 0-6.
The characteristics of the reading pattern in the four children were established by measures of reading comprehension, speed, and accuracy.
Reading comprehension is not exclusively reliant upon phonological representation.
Together, the language and metalinguistic measures accounted for 40% of the variance in reading comprehension.
The recall and rating procedures were the same as those used in the listening comprehension tasks.
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
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