| 词汇 | example_english_artificial-selection |
| 释义 | Examples of artificial selectionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. A simple method for increasing the response to artificialselection. In the present study we determined the role of these factors in producing the response to artificialselection for body size. Survival rates of mutant genes under artificialselection using individual and family information. The information inherent in continuous reaction norms seems not, however, to have been systematically exploited in artificialselection programmes. Plant breeding literature generally assumes a human-modified environment and artificialselection. Information about phenotypic plasticity can be used to improve the efficiency of artificialselection. Our model can be used to give some insights into the question of the evolution of the genetic variance under artificialselection. Several artificialselection strategies could be used to increase the effectiveness of purging. There are models describing the interaction between natural selection and artificialselection for a quantitative character in a finite population. Similarly, the artificialselection of responses is not at issue in contemporary accounts of behavior. The selection index developed here is a simple illustration of how information about phenotypic plasticity can be exploited in artificialselection. In this respect, immune selection is like artificialselection in which a breeder selects with the intention of achieving a particular result. It provides an elegant statistical framework for understanding the relation between phenotype and genotype, and the response of populations to natural and artificialselection. Information on the genetics of environmental sensitivity can be incorporated into standard statistical methods for breeding in order to improve the efficiency of artificialselection. Empirical evidence against the infinitesimal view has also come from artificialselection experiments. Unfortunately, the above lines of evidence all involve human intervention, in the form of either environmental disturbance or direct artificialselection. In conventional artificialselection experiments, only the change in the population mean of a trait is observed. For the span of an artificialselection process in most farm species, the amount of genetic variance hidden behind linkage disequilibrium is probably small. Artificialselection with a large number of linked loci. Rather, the model is intended to provide a framework in which to consider what is possible and, perhaps, likely due to natural and artificialselection. Ecological literature has often focused on a single natural ecosystem, seldom considering the role of artificialselection. I think it is risky to apply artificialselection for any single trait (large fruits), without understanding what other, unintended, consequences might also arise. He aptly pointed out that strong artificialselection and clonal propagation greatly altered the original genetic structure of these crops. Improving the efficiency of artificialselection : more selection pressure with less inbreeding. For, in a sense, artificialselection itself was still nothing more than a specific human mode of natural evolution. The effect of linkage on limits to artificialselection. The effects of inbreeding and artificialselection on reproductive fitness. The spread of genes by natural and artificialselection in a closed poultry flock. A theory of selection limits in artificialselection. The limits to artificialselection for body weight in the mouse. The effects of artificialselection on the maize genome. Inbreeding in artificialselection programmes. A mathematical theory of natural and artificialselection. The effect of linkage on the limits of artificialselection. The response to artificialselection due to autosomal genes of large effect. But if artificialselection has deeply changed the bird's physiology and behavior, and presumably their mental traits as well, would it not be wiser to study contemporary breeds? We conducted both analytic and simulation studies of artificialselection experiments in which effective population size (less than the number of surviving offsprings at each generation) is at least 100. The genetic architecture of response to long-term artificialselection for oil concentration in the maize kernel. It will be worthwhile further verifying the roles of the abovementioned factors and other forces (such as natural and artificialselection) that may act on the two rice genomes. The founder effect and response to artificialselection. Designing artificialselection experiments for specific objectives. This will be approximately true if the immigrants originate from a single panmictic population, deviating from the optimum as a result of, for example, artificialselection. This low heritability might result from strong artificialselection for an increase in the litter size (that was applied for economic reasons in both livestock and laboratory animals). On the theory of artificialselection in finite populations. However, the topic of inferences under artificialselection continues to be of major interest in animal breeding and genetics, where considerable literature on the subject exists, from several different perspectives. Because modern varieties can have higher yields than landraces, even in low-fertility environments49, plant breeders may be tempted to conclude that the trade-off concept does not apply to artificialselection. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grapes represents a single complex gene pool and its genetic structure has been influenced by strong artificialselection. Direct and correlated responses to artificialselection on acute thermal stress tolerance in a livebearing fish. The conflict between natural and artificialselection in finite populations. Effect of linkage on limits to artificialselection. Two different females and two different males from each vial were taken randomly and used for wing area measurements (using the method described above for artificialselection on wing area). Predictions of response to artificialselection from new mutations. Even wild plant species cannot be segregated in such a way, and with artificialselection in agricultural fields, a much wider range of trait combinations is possible. A theory of limits in artificialselection. Optimization of artificialselection response. They are not the products of natural or artificialselection, but are genetic hybrids. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Therefore, he has made an artificialselection by comparing like with unlike. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Twin studies, adoption studies, and artificialselection studies have shown that a person's genes can predispose them to developing alcoholism. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He continues the discussion of artificialselection by explaining the evolution of the ancestral wolf into the many varieties of modern dog. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This can be contrasted with other forms of artificialselection that do tend toward a favorable outcome, such as selective breeding. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The process of artificialselection has had a significant impact on the evolution of domestic animals. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In both natural and artificialselection the variations are a result of random mutations, and the underlying genetic processes are essentially the same. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Artificialselection has produced a wide variety of plants. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. There are two approaches or types of artificialselection, or selective breeding. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In other words, artificialselection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In beetles, artificialselection experiments have shown that there is heritable variation for length of death-feigning. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Evolution of organisms occurs primarily through artificialselection, where an intelligent selector chooses the selection parameters and mutation rates. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. While some cases of artificialselection go in the direction desired, such as selective breeding, this case presents the opposite characteristics. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These inherited traits result from a combination of natural crosses and artificialselection methods. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In particular, the genomics of domesticated species allow for the study of strong artificial selection, founder events and bottlenecks, as well as wider evolutionary questions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In artificialselection, one species is bred selectively at each generation, allowing only those organisms that exhibit desired characteristics to reproduce. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Therefore, only those with the highest index score are selected for breeding via artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Eventually, such pseudo-agriculture developed into the purposeful planting, cultivation, and artificialselection of certain species and varieties. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Artificialselection was successful long before science discovered the genetic basis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. There is evidence that incidental artificialselection caused by heavy fishing has led to a compensatory growth response, i.e. faster growth and earlier maturation. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In humans, the intervention of artificial devices such as ships or blankets may be enough to make some consider this an example of artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is black and white due to artificialselection by the breeders. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Natural and artificialselection leads to a change in the genetic makeup of the cell. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It has been used also for predicting generally the results of artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificialselection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. By controlling the merger process the government was able to breed easy-credit banks by a process of artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This is perhaps the only known example of convergent mechanisms in artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is sometimes valuable to distinguish between naturally occurring selection, natural selection, and selection that is a manifestation of choices made by humans, artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Artificialselection, also known as selective breeding, is imposed by an outside entity, typically humans, in order to increase the frequency of desired traits. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The classical proof is the improvement of crops and livestock through artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This is likely due to artificialselection by brewers over time, selecting for firmer and more robust cultures. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This led to an artificialselection process, producing ever-prettier (to humans) flowers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He concluded since one could use artificialselection to exaggerate traits in other animals, one could expect similar results when applying such models to humans. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He later called his theory natural selection, an analogy with what he termed the artificialselection of selective breeding. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Populations have shrunk and a recent study shows extraction is making an artificialselection to eliminate faster-growing individuals. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Therefore, a defining characteristic of domestication is artificialselection by humans. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Nevertheless, people were able to develop domestic breeds of animals as well as crops through artificialselection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In green rose, artificialselection has enabled phyllody to be expressed as a stable mutation. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This method has advantages over other methods of artificialselection, such as tandem selection, in that you can select for traits simultaneously rather than sequentially. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Artificialselection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Cardiovascular risk factors emerge after artificialselection for low aerobic capacity. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Tyson describes both artificialselection via selective breeding, using the example of mankind's domestication of wolves into dogs, and natural selection that created species like polar bears. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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