| 词汇 | example_english_affirmative-action |
| 释义 | Examples of affirmative actionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, in contexts with affirmativeaction programs, these traits are simultaneously socially equalizing or advantageous. In the unobtrusive version, the affirmativeaction statement is embedded in a list of other potentially objectionable items about taxes, pollution and so on. Our unobtrusive measure (described below) allows us to discern respondents' opposition to affirmativeaction without requiring them to reveal their opposition to the survey interviewer. As noted above, the party position on the status of the state and on affirmativeaction as a principle is decisive. So far, affirmativeaction has advanced the fastest in civil service employment. This is the kind of logic that undergirds affirmativeaction measures. Some accepted desegregation in principle but opposed the means chosen to implement it : federal intervention, busing, or affirmativeaction. Bilingual education, "diversity" programs, and affirmativeaction policies aim to do more than assure individual opportunity by remedying specific discriminatory acts. Right now, no political organisation has affirmativeaction internally. Each group had its own culture and language and had its own affirmativeaction policies tied to it. In the affirmativeaction empire, each nationality needed its own language in which to cultivate its distinctive socialist culture. Their main focus was girls' preferences, and they sought to determine whether the rise of feminism and affirmativeaction had produced any effect. She is willing to support affirmativeaction as one means to tackle the problem. On this basis, she made a lively defence of the politics of reparation and above all, of affirmativeaction. Note that in the treatment conditions each respondent received one (not both) of these affirmativeaction items. The analogous calculation for conservatives reveals that about 47 per cent are angered by affirmativeaction, statistically indistinguishable from their liberal counterparts. Measures to deal with discrimination can vary and, for example, need not always include affirmativeaction. In this way five of the focus groups saw the affirmativeaction legislation of the central government as problematic. Such evidence would suggest affirmativeaction as a guaranteed outcome, at least in the public sector. While problems in defining what affirmativeaction is, and how it should be implemented, are acknowledged, attempts to clarify these issues remain vague. Given this, it is a significant finding that most of the focus group participants perceived themselves as being deprived by affirmativeaction legislation. But how can we tell whether our claims about the true distribution of opposition to affirmativeaction are right? To assess the success of the randomized assignment, the demographic characteristics of respondents in the baseline and affirmativeaction conditions were compared. Overarching most of these kinds of school admissions affirmativeaction arguments is a cultural claim. Here affirmativeaction programs have to be integrated. The role of values in predicting fairness judgments and support of affirmativeaction. Privately acknowledging anger over affirmativeaction might conflict with a respondent's desired 'presentation of self'. Affirmativeaction is conceived as an opportunity for social equalisation in which personal growth and an individual's capacity to change are highlighted. The interviews also elicited discussion of affirmativeaction, racism, sexism, racial democracy and other current topics. This essay discusses how affirmativeaction came to a historically white and male aerospace sector. But publicly acknowledging anger over affirmativeaction might also have undesired political consequences. If we ask respondents directly how they feel about affirmativeaction, we will underestimate the degree of opposition to these policies among liberals. Clearly, the potential for conflict between those forces advocating affirmativeaction to assist underdeveloped countries and those advocating open competition is considerable. Rather than viewing affirmativeaction as an exception to equality, they see preferential treatment of disadvantaged groups as part of the right to equality. The policy of affirmativeaction adopted by the national government was seen as a further threat. For the promotion of female scientists in these research organizations, affirmativeaction programs should have a legal basis similar to that in the universities. Since then arguments over such contentious issues as affirmativeaction have stirred mutual mistrust. Such procedures may be equal division of the goods, randomization between individuals, or affirmativeaction policies. He suggests that affirmativeaction does not go far enough to address power differentials in professional settings. Although there is no way of knowing whether an individual respondent is angry about affirmative action, the same is not true for the respondents as a group. Another randomly selected group of respondents is given the same list of items, but with the addition of one item assessing anger towards affirmativeaction (thus forming the 'treatment' condition). Together, these dimensions of antidiscrimination institutions have shaped the implementation of policy and the development (or nondevelopment) of affirmativeaction or other practices that entail some form of race-conscious classification. This may be, in fact, the 'lowest common denominator' amongst rules that cover such assorted policy areas as affirmativeaction policies to standards for steam locomotives. Conceivably the list of potentially negative items might produce a 'halo effect' and lead respondents to view the affirmativeaction item more negatively than they otherwise would. Unlike other social policies, affirmativeaction is relatively inexpensive and can be engineered by the executive branch without the need to broker deals with congressional members. Such an emphasis on socio-economic background and potential would also help to prevent only the upper stratum of the stigmatised group being assisted by affirmativeaction policies. Affirmativeaction focused on race facilitates the acquisition of wealth by an already privileged enclave because it does not seek to eliminate or even reduce class distinctions. The inertia of social structure: affirmativeaction or seniority in layoffs? In particular, racial liberals may fear that expressing opposition to affirmativeaction might lend political support to the broader effort to weaken social policies aimed at redressing racial inequality. Early thefts of land and cattle from the indigenous people by the settlers gave the ' land issue ' particular significance, while subsequent discriminatory practices required affirmativeaction and redistribution to reverse. Because the interviewer remains blind to the respondents' racial views, a respondent who would otherwise be uncomfortable expressing anger over affirmativeaction can do so more freely. In this sense affirmativeaction incorporates a number of measures which become valuable tools in ensuring that those previously excluded and disadvantaged gain access to equal opportunities. The danger of the country's corporatist ' deal ' on affirmativeaction is that it benefits those least in need while the unorganised unemployed fail to be represented. The most fundamental questions being: are the right groups now benefiting from affirmativeaction, and is the civil rights approach still the most appropriate way to combat discrimination? In practice, the ways institutions used the court-approved diversity option in affirmativeaction admissions processes rarely amounted to a careful appraisal of individuals' racial or ethnic identity credentials, anyway. Affirmativeaction is very contested terrain. Medical schools, affirmativeaction, and the neglected role of social class. By contrast, it does not seem difficult to imagine an open and vigorous discussion of affirmative action that did not permit the use of racial epithets to vilify and wound. The problem, however, is not just the absence of pluralism, but also the way affirmativeaction has worked as a tool for accommodation and control of women in politics. It argues that when activists embrace or question and rework an idea such as ' affirmativeaction' it is because it responds to particular concerns emanating from local histories and experiences. While there is no question that such loyalties have been developed through the use of affirmative action policies, many women activists themselves attach a different significance to these seats. What positive action means is not necessarily affirmativeaction giving unfair advantages, but action to remove the barriers which cause discrimination. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English It will also continue to consult with the statutory agencies to examine and implement further practical affirmativeaction measures. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 An exemption for affirmativeaction is therefore unnecessary. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Clause 60 in no way calls into question the ability of public authorities to take affirmativeaction in appropriate cases to correct disadvantage. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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