| 词汇 | example_english_adaptation |
| 释义 | Examples of adaptationThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The phylotypes identified here will be important organisms to study to learn their adaptations to cryogenic conditions. Our lab is using viruses of hyperthermophilic organisms to elucidate these limits, and the adaptations of life needed for survival in extreme environments. The reason is that it is hard to decide which particular adaptations should be associated to specific user actions. Their adaptations have made them robust and resilient to natural disturbances and harsh climatic conditions. The occurrence of par tial adaptations to the standard languages, hypercorrections, and hyperdialectalisms indicates a rather weak knowledge of the dialect. The view advanced here is that they identify a set of behavioral adaptations for social interaction favored in our evolutionary past by group selection. They include cognitive adaptations to detect cheaters, paired with behavioral propensities to punish those who violate principles of reciprocity, including third-party violators. Furthermore, speeding up biological feedback mechanisms may require evolutionary adaptations that are too complicated or metabolically too costly to develop. Similarly, varying patterns of marriage can be viewed as adaptations. More research is needed to examine whether such adaptations enhance changed behaviour among participants rather than just maintain them, as in this study. Home adaptations and private help do not significantly relate to the level of orientation. Such processes may therefore give rise to processes of mutual adaptations. An ability to change planned strategies reactively depending on intermediate results is also a must and such adaptations should also be remembered for future use. Plant response to stress: biochemical adaptations to phosphate deficiency. However, amazing adaptations to extreme stresses do not only occur in microbes, but also in many multicellular organisms. The basic layered approach that distinguishes content and interface adaptations. We consider the adaptations of these segments to be purely phonetic. Consequently, perceptual assimilation is expected to be massively responsible for loanword adaptations. Here, the same surface segment, [n], gives rise to different adaptations within the same borrowing language. I'm sure that many of you have made great adaptations and gained great wisdom. The basis of the universals is not a simple nativism, but local adaptations of mutually influencing modalities in the spatial domain (21). In various combinations, these are the processes that supply all organisms with the knowledge that organises their adaptations. He begins by claiming that evolutionary theory does not have a criterion problem, since adaptations are judged with the currency of fitness. Still, it seems useful to integrate cognitive adaptations explicitly with processes of substitution, as we have suggested in this paper. Assessing the outcomes of equipment and adaptations : issues and approaches. The timing of these adaptations can therefore make a big difference to results. We did find that as impairment increased, the environment became more challenging for our participants, even with the attempted improvements or adaptations. Learning to read is not a task to which humans are adapted and adaptations may be said to be exapted to it. One way in which psychological adaptations can and have been studied is through the phenomenon of dissociation. Since we are unlikely to achieve such convergence for a wide range of psychological traits, the search for adaptations is hard to justify. Let us call any feature whatsoever of an organism a trait, and traits that satisfy this last condition, adaptations. Unchanging traits with new effects make exaptations, while function-selected trait changes constitute true adaptations. Perhaps most intriguing, might some of the developmental constraints have evolved as adaptations for the generation of functionally viable brains? However, cultural adaptations that increase the fitness of a specific genotype in a specific environment may ultimately affect genetic evolution. The phylogeny of consciousness cannot, however, be restricted to a history of metacognitive adaptations. The fossil evidence suggests that the adaptations necessary for articulate speech occurred only recently in hominid evolution. In this article we discuss the standards of evidence that could be used to identify adaptations and when and how they may be appropriately used. In medicine, useful practice often precedes theoretical understanding of disease or relevant adaptations. Why not just plain dysfunctional adaptations rather than spandrels? Emotions are evolved adaptations that increase the ability to respond appropriately in adaptively important situations. The method also enables adaptations of the existing physical laws to fulfil new functions, represented by initial binding variables. Secondly, some adaptations aim at avoiding specific tasks during the weekend, such as oestrous detection or farrowing supervision. We postulate that such changes are mediated by adaptations of the mix of cognitive, perceptual, and action operations to the demands of the task environment. An empirical review of cognitive therapy for late life depression : does research evidence suggest adaptations are necessary for cognitive therapy with older adults ? Secondly, there are numerous atypical melodic gestures and skips, odd adaptations, the overuse and over-manipulation of formulae. A detailed review of potential cardiac complications related to cardiovascular and haemodynamic adaptations to pregnancy are reviewed. Stereological evaluation of vascular adaptations of human placental villi to differing forms of hypoxic stress. Nonetheless, the exercise and pregnancy outcome data obtained so far are reassuring, and suggest that many of the adaptations are complementary. The population ecology of contemporary adaptations: what empirical studies reveal about conditions that promote adaptive evolution. If demand for oxygen still exceeds supply once these adaptations have occurred, the fetus must further reduce its oxygen consumption. When state amalgamations began in 1929, some very interesting adaptations of traditions unfolded. The reasoner performs adaptations to an old solution according to cer tain rules defined by domain exper ts. Second, it has been a surprise to us that less than half of all adaptations have been until now followed by a population-based study. Taxes may have varied between regions as efficient adaptations to local conditions. They should be able to make home visits so that any adaptations and modifications that are necessary are tailored to the individual. Analysis of the subjects' speech showed fewer patronizing features towards a positively stereotyped older person, but even then, age-related adaptations were made to the speech. A comparison of the germination ecology of related species might show adaptations of germination requirements to specific habitat conditions or correlations with life history. However, many species without adaptations to dispersal by vertebrates must occasionally be dispersed much further than is possible by myrmecochory, ballistichory or barochory. First, tall plants with smooth and small seeds are not likely to be dispersallimited, despite their lack of morphological adaptations for long-distance dispersal. A number of adaptations, other than behavioural ones, allow animals to live by feeding on a graminoid diet. The fertilized egg cell, as a consequence, holds a mixture of past adaptations and future possibilities. The best of adaptations usually leave one wanting to know more about the source material, but not in this case. Another reason for few adaptations could be that 44% of the patients in our study had a mild stroke (4). Housing adaptations in the present study were not common. Further work on the behavior of this species will be invaluable in interpreting functional adaptations in the visual system of this living fossil. However, everything they discuss suffers from this problem, given the lack of ability to experiment on selection over the necessary evolutionary time for adaptations. Many of the basic "traits" that adaptationists speak of, let alone the adaptations, don't exist. The target article did not claim that the adaptations and their functions will be readily discerned; its focus was on methodologies for doing so. Going to elementary school entails the experience of a new and challenging environment that requires multiple adaptations. Obviously, the quality of the stressor as well as its frequency and severity may all cumulatively impact short-term and long-term behavioral and biochemical adaptations. Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families (pp. 245 - 261). In virtual reality, the participant repeats a programmed walk with successive changes or environmental adaptations. No interaction effects with comfort were found for home adaptations and private help. Furthermore, there are several biological adaptations that are useful only during quite limited periods of time. The phenomenological and mathematical parallels between these perceptual domains may indicate common organizational rules, rather than specific ecological adaptations. We concur that "mechanisms" underlying behavioral decisions are what evolved, not behaviors themselves, and that adaptations may or may not be currently adaptive. The complex interactions among niches, culture, and genes also increase the difficulty of identifying links between environmental demands and the development of adaptations. How persuasive, though, is the idea that these are genetically mediated adaptations that are the product of changes in selection pressures resulting from culture? What happened subsequently to these female adaptations is even more striking. The individual adaptations were observed and to some extent quantified. As a consequence, morphological differences are shaped by both speciation divergence and ecological adaptations. Another example of a cultural invention that is dependent on prior biological adaptations is writing. In this way, baby talk distracts attention from the wider array of adaptations and modifications that may influence language development. Animals build nests, burrows, and protective cases and so alter the environment they experience in a way that may select for further adaptations. All the adaptations of the specialist desert plants and animals follow from these requirements. Neandertals disappeared, in our opinion largely through absorption, simply because they were peripheral, not because of the idiosyncrasies of their anatomy or of their adaptations. Within a developmental perspective, maladaptation is viewed as evolving through the successive adaptations of persons in their environments. Whether these adaptations stem from diseases of culture, family, or body, scientists and practitioners need to appreciate the complexity and effectiveness of pathways to psychopathology. With chronic drug use, cellular and molecular adaptations occur within neurons and in the circuits within which they operate. In the following sections, we review these adaptations to psychoeducation, communication training, and problem-solving skills training. In this appendix, we describe the adaptations made to that model for the present exercise. In addition, attempts to control size can lead to adaptations that are inefficient or are not seaworthy. Neurobiological adaptations to chronic or repeated stress may augment and support psychosocial processes associated with negative caregiving. The respondents value this help and some say that the adaptations have been vital in helping them cope with their physical limitations. Other reasons included carer stress (7 %) and requests for equipment and adaptations (6 %). Furthermore, biological adaptations often have features that appear nonfunctional or even dysfunctional. Instead, this explanation posits the evolution of different adaptations in different individuals. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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