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词汇 confound
释义 confound
verb[ T ]
uk /kənˈfaʊnd/ us /kənˈfaʊnd/
to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation: 使惊疑,使困惑
confound someone by doing somethingA man has confounded doctors by recovering after he was officially declared dead.
confound someone with somethingThe singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album.这位歌手随后又推出了一张不同凡响的专辑,令评论家们大感意外。
confound expectationsThe sector recorded another month of strong growth, confounding expectations of a slowdown.
science specialized
to affect the result of a scientific experiment in a way that makes it less clear that one thing causes another:
Variables such as temperature and rainfall can confound the analysis.
We were able to eliminate two factors that can confound experiments involving wild birds.
With any model, findings may be confounded by unobserved influences.
Related words
confounder
confounding variable
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Surprising and shocking
against all expectationsphrase
amaze
amazing
amazingly
astonish
dumbfoundingly
dynamite
earth-shaking
earth-shattering
earth-shatteringly
pull
pull something out of the bag/hatidiom
raise (a few) eyebrowsidiom
reality check
sensationalist
turn-up for the book(s)idiom
unbelievable
walk
walk in on someone
world-shattering

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:


Puzzle and confuse
Scientific techniques

confound | American Dictionary


confound
verb[ T ]
us/kənˈfɑʊnd, kɑn-/
to confuse someone by being difficult to explain or deal with:
She likes to confound others’ expectations about her.

Examples of confound


confound
However, these studies have not been of sufficient size to account adequately for the role of confounding factors.
These controls address the potential confound of verbal intelligence, which is plausibly related to measures of linguistic awareness and to reading.
So again the issue of perception is confounded with the issue of recognition response.
Post-operatively, one has to deal with differing anaesthetic, surgical and analgesic techniques and post-operative courses, all of which would confound the data.
Moreover, collection of soil samples during a time when seeds are dormant eliminates confounding effects of germination flushes following collection and exposure of soil.
However, it is unlikely that these differences confounded our results since they were adjusted for throughout in the analyses.
Failure to consider confounding variables such as age.
Samples from animals 5 months old were not used, to avoid confounding with maternal antibodies.
A final potential confounding factor in the present study was overall severity of illness in manic versus depressed patients.
Patients were also required to have at least 3 months remaining on the waiting list for therapy so that outcomes were not confounded.
Furthermore, comparison of participants and the eligible population show that sample attrition is an unlikely source of confounding in this investigation.
However, despite detailed assessment, older people and their multiple illnesses are destined to continue to display a remarkable capacity to confound expectations and conformity.
Although the demographic transformation is the most conspicuous phenomenon, other important socio-demographic changes confound the problems.
This confounds a static view of design: evolution in the language of design is the inevitable result of creative expression.
To control for confounding a multivariate analysis was performed by the use of logistic regression.
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
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