| 词汇 | example_english_chunk |
| 释义 | Examples of chunkThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The lexicalized concepts in our analysis are chunks of knowledge that, when accumulated by the design team, may form a fully developed design concept. Content is often either fully replicated at a peer or is split into chunks and stored over m peers. The initial generic grammars for chunking and clause recognition are designed to cover the most frequent phenomena in a restrictive sense. Astructure analysis is concerned with the recognition of argumental dependencies between both chunks and clauses. Chunking serves to make the sentence representation more compact by deleting all non-heads of chunks. In our case, chunks are also the sentence fragments for which the spans are not influenced by any verbal syntactic projection. There are here two "chunks" of talk that are in a relationship of close dependence to each other. She focuses on schemata: units of autobiographical events which become closed chunks of information through their frequent retelling, and which incorporate bound links. A total of 5750 noun chunks were classified. Figure 4(b) suggests that larger chunks, defined at the clause-level, enable more accurate inference regarding the compositionality of translations in this parallel corpus. Two levels of particular importance are chunks and simplex clauses. Cohesion constraints additionally set all alignment positions between unanchored chunks to zero (light grey). Information from statistical chunkers and parsers could also be introduced to substitute current verb detection rules or include features based on chunks. The pianist is encouraged to experiment with the timing with chunks of 30 seconds of music to determine how the piano part flows. In the constructivist model, forms such as he's and that's would be expected to often be learned as ' chunks ', or lexically specific constructions. Empirical support for this claim comes from the distribution of idiom chunks and from reconstruction effects in relative clauses containing anaphors and bound pronouns. I also argue that phonological alternations provide evidence for the size and nature of morphosyntactic chunks. Indeed, they have commonly assumed that dialogue simply involves chunks of monologue stuck together. In other words, phonology is very much about the temporal line-up of chunks of speech. Other erroneous chunks such as "look" and the color of the animal are unlikely to happen repeatedly in different contexts; therefore random chunks die out. What forms the chunks in a subject's performance? Naturally, this evidence hinges on the ability to identify chunks correctly. Others have since suggested that there is a more precise capacity limit, but that it is only three to five chunks. How do we know that 4 dots, screen locations, or digits correspond to 4 chunks as, for example, 4 words might? Rather, chunks presented farther apart might be difficult to integrate into the same perceptual present (or coherent scene, in present terms). No, because the items themselves (presumably the chunks in the relevant procedures) do not have to be held in a limited-capacity store. The symbolic aspects involve declarative chunks and procedural production rules. The organisation is still systematic, but those familiar with the first edition will find some chunks now placed in different sections. In science, hypotheses, theories, theoretical systems, paradigms, world views, typologies, taxonomies, methodologies, and so on can be classified as different types of chunks. Perhaps such short chunks, although beyond the level of the learner, form the basis for future development. Unusually, this pupil seems to have been able to memorize three interrogative chunks as early as the first round. Our purpose here is to investigate creative construction when not influenced by the breakdown of chunks. The noun chunks to be classified were already automatically detected. Although still in the information theory mode, this article emphasized the importance of organizing and chunking in memory. Reading instruction emphasizes the learning of syllables, chunking or segmenting, and blending. They absolutely disallowed large chunks of the news, though it was ' apparent truth ', and they expurgated what remained. The book is divided into readable chunks with easily accessible information. The chunks evolve into primitives only if they are repeated. Strings that can be easily read because chunks of letters are directly perceived as familiar units would tend to be judged as grammatical. If capacity as measured by serial recall studies is indeed 4 chunks, then capacity is for 4 chunks plus some extra information connecting those chunks. The role of long-term memory is important to keep in mind in understanding the size of chunks. Here, we will first address the neuronal mechanisms that may demarcate visual chunks. Just as for the variability in estimating maximum chunks, variability in estimating the psychological present (in time units) depends on boundary conditions adopted. Under these circumstances, chunking processes are limited and attention can be seen to have a limit of about 4 chunks of information. We are getting closer to a pure estimate of the capacity limit, as expressed by the number of chunks. One way of defining the upper limit of psychological present is to look at the point from which chunking becomes a useful strategy. Perhaps two such chunks can be accessed and searched in parallel; quickly, given that they are small sets. Genes, larger chunks of the genetic material, and sometimes even entire chromosomes can function in replication. Furthermore, by assessing learning in the context of molar and functional acts, such studies help construct useful chunks of animals' life histories. The list chunks that are learned in this way can include phonemic, syllabic, and word representations. What exactly chunks and fully analyzed forms are can only be decided by approximation. The contrast with traditional approaches to constraint satisfaction problems, which are typically presented as large monolithic chunks of code, is remarkable. Ready-made chunks or units may also play some role in acquisition, perhaps via their frequent uses in adult speech. Initially basic chunks are analyzed; then clauses are recognized and nested; finally modifier attachment is performed and the global parse tree is built. Thus, the following simple algorithm identifies noun chunks, for example, shown in statements (3), (4) and (5). The whole parsing process is not a strictly finite-state computation, but each transducer is built from regular expressions for recognizing phrases (chunks). In this example, there are four chunks associated with the card. Although segmentation into chunks more clearly indicates cases of discourse cohesion, listing and correction demonstrate discourse cohesion by providing task-internal coherence for the listener. They consider that the word heads of two attached chunks form a candidate syntactic dependency. Now, this suggests that the answer to more effective language learning by adults might be to learn in larger chunks. Further lexical information can be extracted from the marker chunks in (5). The position of chunks can also be used to predict alignments-the greater the distance between two chunks, the less likely they are to align. We take advantage of the fact that chunks containing just one non-marker word in both source and target are often translations of each other. Each sentence is broken into its noun chunks. The music and its composer intentionally thwart every attempt we make as listeners to parse it into larger and (hierarchically) larger chunks. Their task is to build up larger chunks from the basic building blocks of language. Whether there is any interaction between chunks and creative construction is a crucial issue from a theoretical point of view. In other words, do learners gradually drop chunks from their repertoire as their internal grammars produce rules for asking questions? The need to establish reference correctly is a strong driving force behind their analysis of the pronominal system within chunks. Far from dropping these chunks from his repertoire, this pupil is using them and working on them all the time. In order for the preverbal message to be accessible to the formulator, it must contain lexicalizable chunks. We have seen that interrogative chunks form the basis for subsequent analysis and creativity. In this section, we explore what happens when no chunks are available to learners. Interestingly, one can learn to talk without phoneme awareness, because spoken language can be processed in larger "chunks," such as words or syllables. The visual word form area is thought to be involved in chunking the letters into a unified whole. During this period, this area has experienced selling of large chunks of land, mutual exchange, and land reform, apart from partitions due to inheritance. The declarative chunks are the knowledge-representation units that reside in declarative memory, and the production rules are responsible for the control of cognition. Also, when multiple chunks can be retrieved, the most active one is selected. Subsymbolically, it is learning the utility of these production rules and the activation strengths of the declarative chunks. Learning 10, 000 chunks: what's it like out there? The model and methods to elicit meaningful chunks of knowledge from an enormous pool of data must be devised. However, because the features we are interested in can be arbitrary chunks of geometry, template-based approaches may not provide a complete solution for our problem. Syllable structure in speech production : are syllables chunks or schemas ? There are parallels between the chunks that make up a piece and the musical structure of a work, but not necessarily a direct correspondence. He provided original documentation in many instances, even to the point of inserting large chunks in the body of his text. The outer field ranges over the chunks that are mapped onto processors. The battering was seen to occur on both the natural and flaked chunks of quartzite. The handaxes are small, crude, pointed implements, mostly made from cobbles or chunks of rock and hardly ever on large flake blanks. The philosophers of pragmatism resisted the idea that experience could be frozen at a particular moment in time and analysed in chunks. In other words, they come to process familiar sequences of letters as units or chunks in recoding words and employ such units automatically. The challenge is to make sure that students do not exaggerate the procedure and turn it into plagiarism (by "borrowing" chunks that are too large). Pieces of red brick, bits of smooth drainpipe, thick chunks of old cement, and that blue gravel you see on graves. On the side of human rights as well, there have been large "chunks of the universe" missing. The slightly lower estimates that are often obtained could result from the inability to learn the chunks quickly enough. One strategy for reducing difference threshold when the time intervals to be discriminated are long is to adopt a counting strategy, that is, using chunks. However, although the numbers have changed, the chunking notion has not. Second, and more important, skilled individuals acquire skills to associate chunks of presented information with internal cues organized in retrieval structures. An illustration of two alternative, cognitive theoretical hypotheses as to why a capacity limit of about 4 chunks is obtained. In this case, their loose associations could result in the recoding of relevant stimuli into fewer chunks. First, it should be specified that the elements limited to four are chunks. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。