| 词汇 | chloroplast |
| 释义 | chloroplast noun[ C ] biology specializeduk /ˈklɒr.ə.plɑːst/ us /ˈklɔːr.ə.plæst/ one of the parts in a plant cell that contain chlorophyll and where energy provided by light from the sun is turned into food by photosynthesis叶绿体（植物细胞中含有叶绿素的部分，利用光合作用制造养料） Biochemistry adipose adrenalin albumin aldosterone amino acid endorphin enzymatic enzymatically enzyme fatty acid mRNA mycoprotein non-enzymatic nuclease nucleic acid spike protein T level testosterone trace element transfer RNA In each assimilating cell there is usually a single large chloroplast. The chloroplasts are numerous and nearly round in shape. The ground tissue of the leaf is composed of very loose, thin-walled cells, containing numerous chloroplasts. The large chloroplast in each half is composed of six longitudinal plates, united at the axis of the cell. They contain numerous chloroplasts imbedded in the layer of protoplasm that lines the wall. chloroplast | American Dictionarychloroplast noun[ C ] us/ˈklɔr·əˌplæst, ˈkloʊr-/ biology one of the parts in a plant cell that contain chlorophyll and where the energy from the light of the sun is turned into food by photosynthesis Examples of chloroplastchloroplast The large subunits are chloroplast encoded and are arranged as 4 dimers. The molecule is ubiquitous - it occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and also in the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Within eukaryotes, these elements are found within nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. As much as 75% of the total nitrogen in a plant is required for normal chloroplast formation23. Modification of the reactivity of spinach chloroplast thioredoxin f by site-directed mutagenesis. Evolutionists will find material to complement their own researches - mitochondrial variation, the chloroplast genome, secondary metabolites or cell wall chemistry for instance. In the mesophyll cells, affected parts were cell wall, chloroplasts, mithocondria and nucleus. All these structures now provide a comprehensive view of how light regulates the activity of chloroplast enzymes through a chain of redox reactions. All incongruent sites involve position 24037 of the chloroplast, which is a high frequency derived variant in our sample. Of the loci surveyed, five of 13 (38 %) showed variation in the chloroplast, while five of 16 (31 %) mitochondrial loci were variable. One of the early radiating lines of descent incorporated a cyanobacterium that became the chloroplast, and an -proteobacterium that became the mitochondrion. Plant chloroplasts are considered to be ancient cyanobacteria, acquired through endosymbiosis. Also, some promising research regarding genetic engineering of the chloroplast genome might result in genetic engineering methods that hobble transgene spread via pollen. Adaptive evolution of chloroplast genome structure inferred using a parametric bootstrap approach. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in senescencing leaves and chloroplasts in relation to lipid peroxidation. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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