词汇 | summative |
释义 | summative adjective education specializeduk /ˈsʌm.ə.tɪv/ us /ˈsʌm.ə.t̬ɪv/ A summative assessment happens after a student has finished being taught about a subject, for example at the end of a year or unit of work: (学生成绩)总结性的 a summative evaluation总结性评价 Compare formativeformalspecialized Marks & results 2:1 2:2 B, b C, c class continuous assessment formatively GPA grade boundary grade-point average honor student pass passing grade positive positivity S, s second class straight As straight-A third Examples of summativesummative The fact that the experiments used very different methods and probes lends credence to their summative conclusions. Teachers' perceptions of the appropriateness of these criteria for conducting formative and summative evaluation are investigated. From this summative synthesis, we were able to identify a set of experiences which ran across the studies. The instructor's comments were predominantly directive and rarely summative. Students had up to four weeks maximum to complete their summative appraisals following successful completion of all four stages. An approach containing systematic assessment for formative as well as summative purposes was compared with one based on summative assessment alone. In the summative passages of the typical systematic review, the evidence becomes the policy decision. Finally, the author's elaborate writing is continually crystallized in summative statements that facilitate reading. The final score is summative, adding up the coherence evaluation of each paragraph. Intended mainly as a tool for summative assessment, this may also aid diagnosis and provide formative prescriptions for planning. In summary all clinical evidence from either summative or formative activities is contained within the portfolio. Teachers were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of each criterion twice, both for formative and summative purposes. The chief value of this volume lies in its summative statement of the current state of scholarship across a range of historical disciplines. Activation being summative, an item that is both semantically and formally related to the target becomes highly activated. However, controlled experiments, and other summative methods can only be used with a running system, during the last design phases. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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