Examples of spandrel

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Novel behaviors are not spandrels since they can only develop because of prior functions.
Commitment to the scientific enterprise requires that we not accept claims about constraint, exaptation, or spandrel in the absence of evidence.
The long and narrow passage is evenly lit by a continuous glazed roof with open spandrel arches that provide a good level of daylight.
These folks may get very excited by debates about adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels.
Why not just plain dysfunctional adaptations rather than spandrels?
One peculiar example of this can be found on the spandrel panels of the firstfloor arcade in the cortile.
Rather, spandrels must have been reproductively neutral or even costly over the period of their evolution.
An adaptationist approach has a high prior probability, whereas spandrel hypotheses attempt to prove a negative.
Fourth, the trait could be a spandrel that lacks the proposed effect.
They point out that spandrels are the by-product of the development of arches.
These data then form the basis of revonsuo's proposal that dreaming is not a spandrel after all but an adaptation.
Playing prominently in both of these criticisms are the concepts of constraint, spandrel, and exaptation.
Taking the last first, are enlarged neocortices spandrels?
Clearly, spandrels - by products of structural constraints - requires more attention from evolutionary biologists.
Or should the presumption be that the trait is an adaptation, unless there is sufficient evidence that it is a spandrel?
Thus, certain features of language may be spandrels, by-products of pre-existing constraints, rather than end-products of a history of natural selection.
Nevertheless, we agree that the "spandrel" concept might prove to be more useful in explaining how brains acquire culture.
Our suggestion that "big isocortices may be spandrels - byproducts of structural constraints for which some use is found later." prompted considerable comment.
Is it that the adaptationist account will generally be more parsimonious than an account claiming exaptation, spandrel, or constraint?

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