| 词汇 | norovirus |
| 释义 | norovirus noun[ S ] uk /ˈnɔː.rəʊˌvaɪə.rəs/ us /ˈnɔː.rəˌvaɪ-/ a very infectious virus that makes people vomit and have diarrhoea (= waste from the body that is more liquid than usual)诺如病毒 Bacteria, moulds, germs & viruses abacterial acquired immune deficiency syndrome acquired immunodeficiency syndrome adenovirus aerobe amoeba bacteriology flora fly agaric germicidal germophobe gnotobiotic listeria microbe probiotic reindeer moss respiratory syncytial virus retroviral root rot rotavirus Examples of norovirusnorovirus Staff from residential institutions, hospitals, day-care centres and schools, and also parents should be made aware that norovirus is highly contagious. This outbreak investigation illustrates the importance of norovirus as a cause of waterborne illness and the additional exacerbation through person-to-person transmission in closed settings. Sampling of water for norovirus analysis was carried out 3-4 weeks after the outbreak, which may have led to the negative results. An estimate of costs for patients with campylobacter, salmonella or norovirus infections was, in total, 10 -17 % of the costs of gastroenteritis. In foodborne outbreaks norovirus was common, due to contamination of food by food handlers. Of three foodborne norovirus outbreaks, where a number of suspected food items were tested, virus was not detected in any of them. Four of these outbreaks were caused by norovirus, for the remaining five no conclusive causative agent was found. Indicators of faecal contamination were found in samples from the private untreated water supply, but norovirus could not be identified. In addition, six ill wedding guests, including the two who submitted an enteric specimen, and two ill wedding hall employees submitted specimens for norovirus testing. The combined costs of campylobacter, salmonella and norovirus were approximately 10 -17 % of the total costs of gastroenteritis. Ten samples were submitted for viral analysis, including norovirus. A norovirus outbreak associated with wedding cake polymerase chain reaction assay. A major limitation of our investigation was our inability to document norovirus infection in more bakery food handlers. For norovirus, results from the indirect and direct method could be compared, to provide insight in the dependence of results by the used method. Nevertheless, it is expected that with regard to ranking, norovirus will consistently be the most important pathogen and person-to-person transmission the main route. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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