| 词汇 | example_english_urethral |
| 释义 | Examples of urethralThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. These changes are attributed to decreased urethral vascularization, to a decrease in alpha-adrenergic receptors and to smooth muscle tissue atrophy. The aim of initial investigations therefore is to identify the group of infants at greatest risk - principally boys with urethral valves or severe primary reflux. Because of the morbidity and cost of invasive surgery, there have also been attempts to increase urethral resistance by more conservative measures. This would lead to decreased urethral closure pressure, predisposing the patient to the appearance of stress incontinence. There is general consensus that maximum urethral pressure, maximum urethral closure and length of the functional urethra decrease with age in women. The lower urethral pressure may not compensate for the rise in intravesical pressure in pregnancy. Urethral pressure is maintained at a higher rate during filling, by contraction of muscle fibres within the bladder neck and urethra. If faecal loading and urethral obstruction due to prostatic hypertrophy have been excluded, then use of intermittent catheterization should be considered. Other neurological disease, or bladder disease (lithiasis, neoplasia, infection), or bladder-outlet obstruction (prostatic hyperplasia, urethral stenosis) may also be contributory. When the urethral atrophy is extensive, the patient may notice an urge sensation. Three had increases in bladder capacity, a fall in bladder pressure at capacity and increase in urethral pressure. Caesarean section was associated with a decrease in the internal core of the urethral sphincter but not the rhabdosphincter. Conventional micturating cystourethrography remains the gold standard for initial evaluation since, unlike indirect isotope cystography, it permits urethral visualisation and grading of reflux. It is probably multifactorial but related largely to nerve damage and/or an alteration in the physiology and structure of the urethral sphincter. Incontinence results when the intravesical pressure exceeds the pressure exerted by the urethral sphincter. This is particularly important in male infants in whom low grade urethral valve obstruction may occasionally be associated with normal ultrasound appearances of the bladder. Urethral obstruction may result from a large prolapse causing urethral distortion and voiding efficiency can be restored by reduction or repair of the prolapse. Urethral obstruction due to posterior urethral valves was the diagnosis in 14 of the 36 fetuses. These anatomical changes predispose elderly women towards hypermobility in the vesical and urethral base, as well as resulting in an intrinsic urethral weakness. Prior to the advent of prenatal diagnosis boys with urethral valves frequently presented with life-threatening sepsis in the first year of life and the condition carried an appreciable mortality rate. The urethral support mechanism is essential for continence and is dependent on the interaction of the bladder neck, pubo-urethral ligaments, urogenital diaphragm and the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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