| 词汇 | example_english_second-language |
| 释义 | Examples of second languageThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Moreover, these findings have implications for the development of fluency that could be applicable to adult secondlanguage learning, her primary focus of interest. Yet despite this complexity, people who study and practice a secondlanguage eventually manage to speak and understand it. Unmarked structures and emergent rankings in secondlanguage phonology. Current approaches to researching secondlanguage learner processes. These approaches have the potential to contribute to our understanding of how learners learn a secondlanguage, and, therefore, how this task may be facilitated. This study examined the effects of acoustic variability on secondlanguage vocabulary learning. This paper looks at the notion of future shock as it becomes instantiated in language and interaction in a reading lesson with secondlanguage learners. Creating a self-rating instrument for secondlanguage writing: from idea to implementation. Students' and teachers' perceptions about strategies which promote proficiency in secondlanguage writing. In the words of a reviewer of the book, it 'makes a powerful case for "ethnomethodological re-specification" in secondlanguage research'. Non-foreign-accented speech in adult secondlanguage learners: does it exist and what does it signify? Form-meaning mapping in vocabulary acquisition in a secondlanguage. Learning simple and complex secondlanguage rules under implicit, incidental, rule-search, and instructed conditions. Chapters 1 and 2 clearly situate stimulated recall in the context of introspective research in secondlanguage acquisition. Acquiring linking rules and argument structures in a secondlanguage. Constructing an acquisition-based procedure to secondlanguage assessment. There are important collaborations to be made between child language researchers, secondlanguage researchers, and cognitive linguists. Learning a secondlanguage through interaction (pp. 35 - 61). Since the late 1970s, the notion of automatization in secondlanguage learning has been questioned by numerous authors. This study is a fine-grained analysis of extensive empirical data on the automatization of explicitly learned rules of morphosyntax in a secondlanguage. Under what conditions does explicit knowledge of a secondlanguage facilitate the acquisition of implicit knowledge? Learning simple and complex secondlanguage rules under implicit, incidental, rulesearch, and instructed conditions. Learning simple and complex secondlanguage rules under implicit, incidental, rulesearch and instructed conditions. Training the secondlanguage teacher as classroom researcher. Applying secondlanguage acquisition research (pp. 5-44). The least a secondlanguage acquisition theory needs to explain. Some researchers claim that phonological shortterm memory plays a more general role in secondlanguage acquisition than just supporting vocabulary acquisition. Previous studies have found that proficiency in a secondlanguage affects how the meanings of words are accessed. In contrast, the set of active language areas was considerably reduced when applying the same analysis to the secondlanguage. It should be noted that it is not yet clear how iconic gestures play a role over the course of acquisition of a secondlanguage. The obvious case is that of adult secondlanguage learners. No such tests exist for secondlanguage learners. Phonological sequence learning and short-term store capacity determine secondlanguage vocabulary acquisition. Mapping features to forms in secondlanguage acquisition. Instead, f they claim that a secondlanguage develops on the basis o language processing strategies. A second, more general, implication is that secondlanguage experience can change structural and functional properties of mind. What are the differences between foreign and secondlanguage learning and can these differences explain research outcomes? Assessing the development of automaticity in secondlanguage word recognition. This overview will therefore present the principal uses of reaction times in secondlanguage research and describe some of the main procedures. Learning a secondlanguage through interaction (pp. 133-150). Her research interests include theoretical and pedagogical aspects of language learning and teaching, bilingualism, language policy, and assessment of secondlanguage skills. Exploring the dynamics of secondlanguage writing (pp. 195-217). Exploring the dynamics of secondlanguage writing (pp. 242-262). Exploring the role of noticing in a three-stage secondlanguage writing task. Confounded age: linguistic and cognitive factors in age differences for secondlanguage acquisition. The relationship between age and secondlanguage learning ability. A new perspective on the creative construction processes in child secondlanguage acquisition. After all, it seems inefficient to activate words from a secondlanguage when the circumstances do not require it. Competing activation in bilinguals the level of activation of that secondlanguage and lowering the threshold of activation for second-language competitors. Reading time studies of secondlanguage ambiguity resolution. As many students of a secondlanguage can attest, translation equivalents in two languages often resemble one another. Interfaces between secondlanguage acquisition and language testing research. Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in a secondlanguage. This chapter considers the literature on language learning anxiety in an effort to clarify the relationship between anxiety and secondlanguage learning. Factors affecting the recognition of words in a secondlanguage. Such a pattern should be even more evident in the case of children who are exposed to a secondlanguage or who are completely bilingual. We found that the benefits from exposure to a secondlanguage extended to children aged 9 to 13. Given these difficulties, instruction in writing strategies could be beneficial for secondlanguage learners. Feedback from an interlocutor may allow the learners to notice specific gaps in their own linguistic knowledge of the secondlanguage. Applying secondlanguage acquisition research (pp. 45-141). Further, the level of language knowledge in the secondlanguage also had to be established. Continuing investigation into the 1990s called for holistic examinations of secondlanguage reading. Papers in the second section relate directly to questions of the psycholinguistic processes implicated in secondlanguage learning. Reading and vocabulary development in a secondlanguage. These results demonstrate how individual differences in central executive functioning and attention allocation capacity can affect adult secondlanguage learning. In addition, long latinate words often are better understood by secondlanguage speakers. The use of prepositions of direction for both location and direction is an attempt by secondlanguage learners to simplify the target language. An introduction reviews recent work in the field, discussing key variables and processes in secondlanguage loss and suggesting applications. Does learning to read in a secondlanguage always put the child at a disadvantage? Reconsidering the role of interaction and input in secondlanguage acquisition. The variable competence model of secondlanguage acquisition and why it isn't. How does a person become a fluent user of a secondlanguage? As for the research related to secondlanguage writing instruction, we also see positive developments. The role of writing in classroom secondlanguage acquisition. Some steps toward a socio-cognitive interpretation of secondlanguage composition processes. Exploring the dynamics of secondlanguage writing (pp. 315-331). This chapter considers the literature on language learning anxiety in an effort to clarify the relationship between anxiety and achievement in secondlanguage learning. In vocabulary development, secondlanguage learning, and birdsong learning, we don't know what the true story is. Finally, gender and exposure to a secondlanguage were not significant variables. How can children cope with a system which is so difficult to learn for adult secondlanguage learners? Socially oriented secondlanguage research would suggest instead the former. Further, we consider whether the path the children take bears any resemblance to that taken by adult secondlanguage learners who are taught about language. Can negotiation provide a context for learning syntax in a secondlanguage? These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。