| 词汇 | example_english_ration |
| 释义 | Examples of rationThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The rations provided by the finca were not enough for subsistence, making workers dependent on the over-priced company store (tienda de raya) for food. Waiting lists may be a misleading indicator of performance, although symbolic of rationing in a wider sense. The more material questions about resources, rationing and priority setting are passed on to the 'empowered' clinicians and managers responsible for delivering services. The tone of the case managers' rationing often communicated a damaging sense of personal erasure. He argues that while rationing is inevitable under conditions of physical scarcity, there are alternatives when funding is the main issue. Elderly people's accounts of home care rationing : missing voices in longterm care policy debates. Perhaps the deportees previously received ordinary bread rations that went bad during the journey, whereas hardtack was supposed to keep well. Corporate competitions again flourished as a way for corporations to maintain a public image when products were rationed and taken off the market. In finer detail, rationing, as a ' social technology', involved fine-tuning the subjectivity of the recipient (and, by extension, their relations with the provider) as individuals. The outcome of rationing can only be described as ' fair ' if it is consistent with social values. The island continually flipflops from water rationing for over a million of its inhabitants to flooding that causes millions of dollars' worth of property loss. In our setting, another case of interest is that in which the other goods are rationed ex ante but are chosen optimally upon residential relocation. They worked in isolation, with poor accommodation and rations, exposed to a range of diseases, and were relatively poorly paid. More often, they were not paid at all, just given poor quality rations and cast-off clothes. The latter formulation most overtly "rations" scarce services, and this genre of guidelines is the topic of our analysis. However, the articulation of explicit rationing criteria for any country is noticeable by its absence. As a pragmatic "solution," the government has not yet abandoned the tried and trusted policy of (implicit) national rationing through budgeting. Many products are still rationed with fixed prices. Responsibility for rationing decisions was shared by different professionals: national and local politicians, civil servants, social services officials and front-line practitioners. Their patients are free riders because they enjoy the benefits of rationing without bearing the burdens that make those benefits possible. She warns that healthcare cost-control measures will likely become unavoidable and painful as costs continue to escalate, with external forces possibly rationing resources. Thus, while trends of classification and rationing cut across service delivery in all its provinces, there are regional and provincial variations. If rationing falls on the three water-intensive industries, the cost could be lower than if it falls on the other industries. The frequency of trades is significantly affected by the initial water allocation and also by a priority rationing system. Rationing 'humanized' its recipients, at least until they consumed rations in ways offensive to providers. Animals had free access to water and were fed their respective rations throughout the experimental period. By demanding, in the name of motherhood, more than their allotted rations. Unfortunately, rationing is likely in the case of the care of frail older people. Amongst the consequences were restrictions in local authority building and the development of rationing systems which excluded active older people. Experts were listened to, rations were nutritionally adequate, and the result was that the health of the nation was scarcely ever better. By rationing protein and lipid surface concentrations, the parameters d, de, and m can be eliminated. Other studies examining growth in experimentally infected sticklebacks have not provided standardized rations, making comparison with the present study difficult. Caution is needed in separating the politico-social agenda of rationing and true evidence of efficacy with pain treatments. A further example of rationing by deterrence related to the results of the assessment. Four chapters are taken up with consideration of the evidence about the extent and nature of rationing in the countries studied. Under such conditions, savers, banks and funds managers tend to adopt a ' credit rationing ' policy (either formally or informally). Moreover, firms are rationed on the equity market and have to rely on banks to obtain external finance. By using its ownership rights and regulatory power, the government keeps the prices in these markets low and rations their available resources. Thus, in some cases they may opt for rationing healthcare resources by age. Patient selection criteria offer particular insight into guidelines' ethical impacts when used as rationing instruments. Traditionally, healthcare rationing analyses have emphasized the importance of choosing and systematically applying certain allocation principles such as equity and efficiency. A close examination of how guidelines approach patient selection criteria offers insight into their ethical implications when used as resource allocation or rationing instruments. Furthermore, ethical questions are raised on the legitimacy of the medical profession as a forum to decide on rationing decisions suggested by practice guidelines (26). What are the consequences with respect to rationing? The new macroeconomic context was cited as a justification of implicit rationing measures. They contain problems referring to granaries, rations, baking and brewing, and herding. Most were certainly relieved to have fresh water again and many remarked on the improvement in rations compared to what they had received at sea. Their stories are interwoven with detailed discussion of the ageing process and of specific aspects of health-care provision, such as health insurance, ' rationing ' and pharmaceuticals. Measures aimed at explicitly rationing health-care resources, using budget ceilings and/or cuts, capitation, and reimbursement denials, have met with considerable opposition (9;22;24). In both countries, measures of rationing have been introduced and these have created problems and inequalities. The introduction of rationing did not resolve the food shortages because of the corruption which permeated the corporative organisation in the country. In over half of the classroom environments seen, headphones were used, and in 1 case rationed. Only one expressed the view that rationing by age was justified in principle. Three distinct accounts of negotiating unstable and rationed home care were discernible. Second, the argument in favor of rationing by responsibility shows great confidence in the free, voluntary, and independent character of individual choice making. Initially, the treatment had to be rationed due to lack of financial resources. Once again, its incidence is rationed, albeit less strictly. Markets may be missing entirely, seasonally (partly missing), selectively (rationing) or may be very thin (imperfect competition). Why managed care cannot control hospital costs without rationing. The journey needed one person to receive and distribute food rations, and was again conducive to the emergence of headmen. Subjects' nar rations were analysed on a seven point scale of expression, organisation, wording, mechanics, and individuality. Overall the book provides a useful, if sometimes slightly superficial, survey of rationing policies and practice in four developed nations. Research on priority setting and rationing in social care is limited. Evidence is presented to show that some carers chose to impose rationing on themselves by reducing their demands. Overall, 14% of all voters said that they had rationed their votes (pei piao). In other words, vote rationing should reduce the gaps between candidates, but it should not completely eliminate them. Leisure remained a scarce resource that had to be rationed between household members, indicating the insecurity of interwar workingclass affluence. The team did not provide military equipment, except for food rations. After a number of relatively successful agricultural seasons, rations were withdrawn for those deemed to be 'self-sufficient ', and reduced for those moving towards this status. According to the same source, daily rations cost approximately 50 centavos. In addition, ordinary zabtiyes were paid 45 piastres, lieutenants and captains 90, and majors 555 piastres in lieu of bread rations. From the early 1860s, all prisoners were entitled to adequate standard rations. The rest are rationed by bureaucratic units and committees through a process that is separate from the budget and has no auditing and accountability mechanism. Shepherds' wages included rations which varied little over the nineteenth century. There is a final short section, which discusses ethical issues as they relate to community psychiatry, for example, rationing and compulsory treatment. Politicians must also be prepared to acknowledge restrictions, if not rationing, in what a publicly funded heathcare system can provide. Previously, patient priorities (urgent, semiurgent, or routine) were determined implicitly by hospital specialists and rationed by (increasing) waiting times (18). Sticky prices (wages) or rationing of goods may serve as examples of phenomena that may cause permanent disequilibria in the markets. The demanding patient may perceive the primary health care provider as restricting or rationing patient access to secondary care resources. However, rationing did not apply to all food products and was still subject to supply difficulties. Allocation of scarce food resources to the miners soon revealed its limitations in the near-starvation rations elsewhere. The next section shows the mix of rationing strategies employed by practitioners undertaking carer assessments. From this point of view, rationing is not necessarily bad or undesirable. In the extreme case of no cost sharing at all, the managed-care insurer must rely on physicians as rationing agents. Ionophore antibiotics are commonly added to livestock rations to improve feed conversion and control problems such as ruminal acidosis [13, 14]. The rationing debate: maximising the health of the whole community. Since most rationed food was imported, the government was able to exercise effective control and there was little evidence of a black market. If a good is rationed, price is not marginal utility. Since local elderly mortality indicates movements in need, we can test for changes to access due to rationing. Assuming that the rules of rationing are fair, this would be to follow the rules. Selecting candidates for liver transplantation: a medical ethics perspective on the allocation of a scarce and rationed resource. The fourth argument in favor of rationing by responsibility is practical. The broad definition he embraces is that healthcare rationing "includes any implicit or explicit mechanisms that allow people to go without beneficial services". Services are tightly rationed because of the low level of provision. What are the problems inherent in rationing by age ? With food rationing at the time of this survey, the difficulties of older people in food queues warranted a separate section in his report. Survivors thus also had to fetch rations from their previous places of residence. You'd got your milk and your sugar and all sorts of rations. The findings are completed by outlining how carers imposed rationing on themselves by reducing requests for help. The article concludes with comments on the implications of rationing decisions for policy and practice. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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