| 词汇 | lenis |
| 释义 | lenis adjective phonetics specializeduk /ˈliː.nɪs/ us /ˈliː.nɪs/ (of a speech sound) made without a lot of force发音时不费力的，弱的 Linguistics: phonology & phonetics accommodation alliterative alveolar apheresis aphesis assonance diphthong homonym intrusive labial labialize labiodental postconsonantal retroflex retroflexion rhotic rhyme the International Phonetic Alphabet unpronounceable unrepeatable You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Ways of speaking Examples of lenislenis Of particular interest was the three-way (lenis-fortis-aspirated) obstruent distinction, and geminate nasal consonants. While medial and final fortis stops are up to four times longer than lenis ones,13 duration is neutralised in initial position. Obstruents (stops, fricatives and affricates) were grouped into lenis, fortis and aspirated. Duration measurements, though, show solid and consistent length differences, with fortis stops being almost three times as long as lenis ones. This paper, however, will limit the discussion to the postlexical application of the tensing rule between phonological words, and after a lenis obstruent. The result is that voiceless fricatives are inherently rather than derivatively fortis whereas, parallel to the voiced series of stops, voiced fricatives are lenis and only weakly or coincidentally voiced. Fricatives include only lenis and fortis distinctions. Among obstruents, lenis is the most frequent. Regardless of the variable phrasing, however, we have shown that what changes the lenis stop into a tense stop depends on how speakers intonationally phrase the sentence. When the obstruction is released, the acoustic amplitude and vocal pitch of the following vowel becomes higher than for lenis sounds due to the longer duration of stop closure. These cross-linguistically attested patterns of partial or even full voicing in medial (specifically, intervoiced) position contrast sharply with the essentially voiceless realisation of the same lenis series in initial position. The target lenis stop is in bold. Thus, whether at the end of the word (4a) or at the end of a wordinternal syllable which is morpheme-final (4b), an underlying lenis (' voiced ') obstruent emerges as fortis ('voiceless'). In other dialects fortis consonants are realized as having greater duration than the corresponding lenis consonant, invariably voiceless, vigorously articulated, and aspirated in certain environments. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, some speakers will place the "h" initial before another initial to indicate that that initial is fortis rather than lenis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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