| 词汇 | example_english_monoculture |
| 释义 | Examples of monocultureThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Patterns of ingestive behaviour of sheep continuously stocked on monocultures of ryegrass or white clover. Condensed tannin concentration of rhizomatous and nonrhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil in grazed mixtures and monocultures. Similarly, more diverse pathogen populations are found in natural ecosystems where plant diversity is high, compared to monocultures in conventional agroecoystems26,31,49. Changes in the decomposer community when converting spruce monocultures to mixed spruce/beech stands. Over those two years the monocultures produced signi®cantly more than the intercropped treatments. In general, arthropod population trends in no-till alfalfa-wheat intercrops were similar to those in alfalfa monocultures. Rain forests in the tropics are rapidly undergoing clear-felling, and either being replanted with commercial monocultures or being converted to different landuses. Small amounts of alfalfa were harvested in wheat strips and wheat monocultures, presumably due to the field being in continuous alfalfa cultivation for 4 years prior to planting wheat. Most of the plantations were monocultures. Fertilized grass monocultures and unfertilized grass-clover mixtures containing 0.20 of white clover are very common in farming practice, whereas such high proportions of non-legume forbs in permanent grasslands are rare. Competition and stand structure in some even-aged plant monocultures. The lack of ecological guidance that promote monocultures and intensive use of agrochemicals need to be evaluated critically and used in a manner that does not destroy sustainability and stability. They have assembled a comprehensive account of the way systems of multiple cropping, ubiquitous in tropical agriculture, can make more ecient use of rainfall and radiation than monocultures. Perhaps the most thoroughly studied example of soil suppressiveness, the decline of take-all spontaneously occurs in monocultures of susceptible wheat after 4-6 or more years of continuous cropping16. The intent of the crops in the cropping system will help determine which crops should be used, and whether they should be seeded as monocultures or polycultures. Let us not compete with products originating from monocultures and intensive livestock rearing. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Crops of this type, which are less viable than monocultures, are often abandoned. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Monocultures were established, the country was destroyed and subjected to a brutal regime. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English We must take account of smaller cycles and plant stable mixed woodland when undertaking reforestation, rather than monocultures. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English The professionalism of the past now seen as a mistake—the rectangular bath-mat designs in the wrong sites, the brutal monocultures—is still with us. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Here, we are renewing the export subsidies on our agricultural products and promoting biofuels, which leads to huge monocultures down there. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Rapidly growing young trees, although they may be boring monocultures, and unaesthetic, may sop up more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than do mature forests. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If we can avoid extensive monocultures—applying, of course, mainly to conifers—we shall reduce the threat of an epidemic attack by pests or diseases. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There should be more mixed plantings, more broadleaves—perhaps encouraged by relief from inheritance tax on broadleaf woods—and fewer monocultures. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Over and above this, the cultivation of protein-rich cultures contributes to the diversity of crop rotation by making it possible to reduce input and by preventing the rise of monocultures. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English The extent of the damage caused on this occasion was determined by the population density, the type of infrastructure, and, of course, the many monocultures, if we are talking forests. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Serious losses in the forestry sector are caused by inappropriate forest management, monocultures across large woodland areas as well as the planting of inappropriate species of trees. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English As part of the reform of the common agricultural policy, we should focus, among other things, on preventing monocultures and increasing the use of wide crop rotation. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English The movement away from intensive cereal monoculture systems could lead to a reduced incidence of water-induced degradation problems, such as salinity build up. More than two-thirds of global cropland features annual grain crops typically grown in monoculture. Relative disease severity of each mixture is expressed as a proportion of the severity in the monoculture of the susceptible cultivar. The alfalfa-wheat strip-crop treatment demonstrated yields similar to alfalfa and wheat monoculture yields. On the village level, there are monocultures, however. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A monoculture of melon crops is maintained for 9 months of the year. Also, under moist and cool conditions, flower opening and availability of early fresh pods in okra were similar in monoculture and mixtures with cv. Eect of planting wheat and peas in monoculture and in association. The criticism centres on the choice of tree species, the wisdom of monoculture plantations, and the nature of actual beneficiaries. Reforestation, the planting of tree seedlings on logged areas, has also been criticized for decreasing biodiversity because reforested areas are monocultures. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Extensive implementation of monoculture production has increased reliance on technologies such as chemical control methods and reduced crop diversity. While no single intercropped treatment exhibited consistent advantages over monoculture treatments, significant differences among the various parameters measured were observed. Fourth, they reject the claim that coffee exports led inexorably to monoculture. Improved fallows: effects of species interaction on growth and productivity in monoculture and mixed stands. Ending monocultures grown under disease conditions by introducing crop diversity has greatly increased yields. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Outbreaks usually occur on large-scale monocultures of pine trees in flat country. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Recent studies found that polycultures of microalgae produced significantly higher lipid yields than monocultures. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Relative yields are obtained by comparing intercrop yields to monoculture yields. Overyielding occurs when two species grown together are more productive per unit area than would be expected based on monoculture yields7. Yields of intercropped and monoculture wheat and alfalfa were also quantified to determine whether overyielding occurred in any of the intercropped systems. If the 3.6 m-wide strips are analogous to wheat monocultures, these results are not surprising, based on wheat monoculture findings. Monoculture row cropping, deep tillage and application of high levels of fertilizers and pesticides can result in widespread damage to land and water resources. The method seems to reward the replacement of original ecosystems with high-productivity agricultural monocultures by assigning a higher biocapacity to such regions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Federal farm programs may simultaneously encourage and discourage continuous monoculture wheat. Monoculture systems generally require greater management inputs and have greater agronomic39 and economic risk. In chapter 1, the global trends in agriculture toward specialization and monoculture in an industrial model are discussed. In all cases, cacao tree growth was fastest in the monoculture treatment, particularly in a fruit hedge design with two intermediate rows of cacao trees. Their primary concern was the plantation of acacia monocultures which will cause a loss of species biodiversity and soil degreneration. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Concerns about shrinking land reserves for the future and the replacement of areas exhausted from maize monoculture were major factors. Heirloom gardening has come about largely as a reaction against monocultures in agriculture. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The forest monocultures of spruces were caused by the enormous need of wood for mining and glass industry during the last centuries. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Therefore, in monoculture plantations, the overall diversity is low. Total gross returns were greater than growing either pepper or cassava in monoculture. Economic analysis of bean and maize systems: monoculture versus associated cropping. However, the present study has demonstrated that a monoculture of epithelial cells has the ability to encapsulate and partially degrade ectoparasites without involvement of leukocytes. Changes in commodity supports10 and increased social pressure to feed the world further directed production towards large-scale monoculture agriculture16. Interrupting yield depression in monoculture corn: comparative effectiveness of grasses and dicots. All of these measures are increased in the multispecies case relative to monoculture, but with the consequence of increased management complexity. Monoculture, strip-crop and conservation-till treatments produced significantly higher yields than no-till intercropped alfalfa and wheat. Competition for light in a plant monoculture modelled as a spatial stochastic process. A variety of crops were cultivated, unlike the monocultures of previous dynasties. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Their natural coniferous forests were also in large parts replaced by spruce monocultures, which are often heavily damaged due to air pollution and soil acidification. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The aboriginal hardwood and mixed forests are largely replaced with spruce monocultures. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The monocultures typically used in intensive agriculture increase the number of pests, which are controlled through pesticides. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Moreover, the production of monocultures will be avoided for reforestation and rehabilitation of the soil. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Studies that include species composition would help to link the findings of monoculture laboratory experiments, with observations from the field. The experiment consisted of different agroforestry and monoculture systems with important tree crops of the region. However, ecological theory and empirical studies have demonstrated that plant and algae polycultures, i.e. groups of multiple species, tend to produce larger yields than monocultures. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Our investigation sought to determine whether agricultural systems involving more than one crop species exhibited advantages over conventional monoculture systems. Weeds represented a larger percentage of harvested biomass in the alfalfa monoculture, perhaps because this treatment received no tillage, compared to other treatments. However, alfalfa monoculture is certainly not a sustainable system; increased temporal and spatial diversity should be incorporated to increase resilience against pest build-ups and autotoxicity. Agroecological concepts are then introduced and applied to monocultures, intercropping and agroforestry. Furthermore, genes vulnerable to 'boom and bust' cycles are generally short-lived when deployed in monocultures. Further, genes deployed in monocultures of single cultivars may be more vulnerable to 'boom and bust' cycles. Especially under low input conditions, the agronomic performances of species mixtures have been reported to be superior to those of monocultures. In the present study, we examine possible underlying behavioural mechanisms that contribute to the difference in abundance of insects in poly- versus monocultures. If we have tended to see sugar and coffee as monocultures, for this period at least we are wrong. Both strip-crops and row intercrops can be considered more ecologically complex systems than traditional monocultures. A stable and balanced agrarian economy had degenerated into precarious monocultures and backwater towns. Much research is now directed to the vegetative propagation of high-yielding clones, despite the potential danger of growing genetically identical monocultures over wide areas. Therefore, grass monocultures, grass and white clover mixtures and grass, white clover and forbs mixtures were established in the field. The yield of cultivated plants is threatened by competition and destruction from pests, especially when grown in large-scale monocultures or with heavy fertilizer applications. Until now, most of the diversity studies have focused on rainforest ecosystems and have neglected monocultures like oil palm plantations. A fundamental question concerning crop diversification is which mechanisms determine pest population size in polycultures compared to monocultures. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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