| 词汇 | example_english_local-government |
| 释义 | Examples of local governmentThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. How long does it take for a localgovernment to adopt a regional law? Liberals did not just ' happen ' to be in charge of localgovernment. A localgovernment decision is required to close down hospitals. This strategy is successful in terms of benefiting both localgovernment and residents. The raison d'etre of localgovernment associations is to defend subnational governmental interests at the central level. Reciprocity does not seem to be an inherent component of the state-society relationship in connection with localgovernment taxation. The arena of localgovernment, as we shall see below, is of critical importance to the interests of the political elite. It is not right for the state or localgovernment to forcefully undertake land readjustment. Both central and localgovernment were alarmed by the riots. The pamphlets demonstrate the 'marginalisation' of the plan to transform localgovernment by creating a 'municipal science'. They claimed that the idea of localgovernment clashed with democracy and the principles of national unity. But government-appointed bureaucrats appointed to serve at the regional, circle and arrondissment levels still controlled localgovernment. To them it was clear that in an increasingly complex and heterogeneous world it was local government that could best deliver community, responsibility, and citizenship. There is clearly scope for partnership development of equity release schemes bringing together central government, localgovernment, the voluntary sector and the private sector. Finally, the incentives for participation provided by localgovernment should promote participation when the respondent's party controls the local authority. As mentioned, many localgovernment authorities have taken money from the individual accounts to meet other expenditures and thereby created 'empty accounts'. The creation of the league permitted what was an effective alliance of unionists and liberals while maintaining the tradition of ' no politics ' in localgovernment. These comprised health visitors, head teachers, housing managers, social workers, billeting officers, representatives of voluntary organizations, and localgovernment officers. The model can only be applied to localgovernment systems in which there is some local analogue of the typical national cabinet. The law gave district councils the power to pass by-laws, provided that the minister for localgovernment and cooperatives approved them. The odds of individuals employed in the localgovernment sector making an active investment decision are 1.06 times greater than in other sectors. The labor insurance financed by the central or localgovernment enterprises covers personnel working in central or localgovernment companies. It should thus be approached 'without reference to arbitrary and extraneous factors such as localgovernment boundaries and divisions between the voluntary and public systems'. He had described at length how localgovernment stimulated the right kinds of attitudes and customs for the preservation of an orderly liberty. Corruption can be widespread at the localgovernment level, even if it is controlled effectively at the central government level. English housing provision, therefore, relied on the market as well as central and localgovernment hierarchies. This division dominated localgovernment from the 1860s. This article asserts that liberalism cannot be properly understood without an appreciation of its localgovernment dimension. The importance of localgovernment for liberalism extends beyond a particular national context. Other countries provide examples of insurance institutions, rather than localgovernment, administering tax-financed benefits as agencies of central government. Once national government had proved its capacity for doing this, localgovernment had lost the initiative for administrative and financial innovation and effectiveness for good. Sending a letter was most frequently mentioned for contacting central government and was also very important for localgovernment. This presents a challenge not only to perceived notions of the politicization of localgovernment from around 1900. Moreover, the attempt to realize the goal of community through localgovernment represented the last united liberal attempt to deal with the growing social question. Such interventions may contribute to undermine the legitimacy of the localgovernment and hamper democratic development by disempowering the political organs of local authorities. The list of nominees shows that most had extensive experience of voluntary work, in political organizations, localgovernment, or philanthropic activity. In this way, the success of liberalism in localgovernment created the conditions for its impending redundancy. Multiple permits and fees are imposed at both state and localgovernment levels. Throughout the nineteenth century, localgovernment was responsible for enforcement of nuisance laws. Its simultaneous importance and divisiveness predisposed education for localgovernment. The repertory system was, then, one with built-in sustainability, not least through quickly formed and close relations with localgovernment. This is where councillors got on with the real business of localgovernment. There is unfortunately a tendency, common in academic social policy, to neglect local structures and processes, especially localgovernment. The stakeholders in this meeting were grouped as: national government, localgovernment, local people, non-governmental organizations and private sector. Her findings suggest that in the revolutionary period traditional authorities and the new government-appointed local hierarchies were constitutive of localgovernment institutions. How big is localgovernment spending on public welfare? Targeting localgovernment for spending cutbacks is an ineffective means of addressing the problem of rising costs associated with the advanced welfare state. In addition to this, a friendly localgovernment brought administrative conveniences. The latter in turn bully localgovernment officials, all in violation of the constitution imposed by the military during the transition. The following section establishes the ideological importance of localgovernment in nineteenth-century liberalism. A call for a more comprehensive study of the sanitary undertakings of localgovernment has been common amongst historians of nineteenth-century mortality decline. In the state legislature, players usually advocating local control and reduction of state intervention find themselves opposing localgovernment. Ultimately, the liberals' success and innovativeness in localgovernment led to a ' nationalization ' of their policies and concerns. In other words, the high debt-servicing costs, the less national funds are transferred to localgovernment. At that time, the majority of powers were transferred from the borough villages to the localgovernment. They consist of a range of tables which together form a detailed account of the total scope of localgovernment activity in our period. Given the extreme concentration of formal powers at the national level, little coordination could take place in localgovernment. As long as liberals were unwilling to contemplate more redistributive state measures, localgovernment became their central arena for social policy. The ministry responsible for localgovernment has been unwilling to issue an overview of those communities that are regarded as chronic nonpayers of service charges. In comparative perspective, the institutional environment of public finance will affect the role of localgovernment in a process of welfare state retrenchment. We divide individuals into three groups : individuals that work in the financial sector, localgovernment sector and others. The dismantling of localgovernment by 1972 gave power over the development process entirely to the centre. But let us now turn to a more detailed consideration of contract compliance and localgovernment procurement. The financial imbalance between central and localgovernment requires the central government to guarantee financial resources to local governments. He noted that in foreign countries, the central government generally had overall authority, and localgovernment was of less importance. According to the division of financial responsibility among governments at different levels, the localgovernment is responsible for welfare provision to vulnerable children. Localgovernment provided medical care for paupers free of charge in their homes or in a workhouse infirmary. They were rarely implemented until development agencies began pressuring the localgovernment in the late 1990s. Public space is one of the most important and strategic instruments of localgovernment. As often described, local revenues meet only one-third of localgovernment spending. From the second half of the nineteenth century, the viability of liberalism was contingent upon its performance in localgovernment. The decline of localgovernment has neither been obvious nor inevitable. Between 1890 and 1912, net localgovernment expenditure met from rates and exchequer grants more than trebled. Municipal expenditure, in turn, necessitated the growth of local taxation, whose regressive impact continued to bedevil those responsible for localgovernment in both countries.#! The limitations localgovernment imposed upon the state bureaucracy equally found general support. Even though ' assigned revenues ' replaced grants-in-aid in 1888, this did not alter the growing localgovernment reliance on centrally distributed funds. However, it also appears that experience in localgovernment was not the only adjunct to material circumstances as a qualification to serve. This tactic proved extremely successful in state and national elections, but it also translated into success at the level of localgovernment. By 1945, many localgovernment officials wanted government to make substantial increases in the export price paid to producers. It was indeed through training, and the communication of knowledge, that the reformers hoped to transform localgovernment. The reformers sought to impose an apolitical concept of localgovernment; party politics meant imposing national priorities on communal life. Part of its task was the training of localgovernment employees. There was also strong agreement on the importance of women's access to education up to the highest levels, and on their involvement in localgovernment. This problem, which is central to this study, created a potential for tensions and conflicts between central and localgovernment. This institutionalized two-way relationship is more likely to keep an organizational struggle between central and localgovernment under control. Distilled and interpreted, it also informs localgovernment policy and so becomes part of the regional regulatory and legislative framework. These agreements specify desirable general taxation and expenditure levels in the localgovernment sector. Between 1985 and 1996, partial subsidies as a percentage of localgovernment revenue declined by 316 per cent. During the period 1980- 1990, localgovernment revenue and general grants rose in parallel, increasing 172 times and 177 times respectively. Here, a localgovernment policy is being set out; we are being told simply what will come to pass. In sum, the broad pattern of the evidence suggests that lower spending is a feature of fragmented and deconcentrated localgovernment systems. Especially in the greater industrialised cities, localgovernment supported the societies financially on certain conditions. When it needed new equipment, the localgovernment would make the extra investment. So the localgovernment gave 25 yuan per child per month in additional subsidy. Thereafter, localgovernment was expected to support social welfare services by helping to fund them. He was convinced that localgovernment could increase welfare services if the head of the municipality demonstrated adequate leadership. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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