词汇 | example_english_function-word |
释义 | Examples of function wordThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, the experimental literature on functionword and content word lexical access times does not support this. In some cases, a particular phonological form may correspond to both a content and a functionword. It is doubtful that in such cases an empty, intervening node exists, waiting to be filled in when the relevant functionword class is learned. The number of utterances where the functionword matches the context was calculated, and compared with the number where the content word matches. It also includes information about cross-linguistic variation in functionword growth. Another example is gone, a well-known functionword in early child language. When effects were found in functionword subsets, they were consistent with the results for corresponding content word subsets. No effects of preceding word frequency were found in any content or functionword subsets tested, or in function words. Specifically, when the stop-obstruent sequence is preceded by a vowel, deletion is higher when the 0t,d0 is in a functionword. In other syntactic functions, the comparative was usually followed by an unstressed functionword or a pause. It is even used as one of the main criteria to identify the 'functionword' as opposed to 'the lexical word'. Simple phrasing rules apply to the tagged text to insert phrase boundaries either before or after a functionword and before some tensed verbs. A bound functionword would contain in its lexical entry a prespecified prosodic frame, which characterises it as either proclitic or enclitic. Any other morphosyntactic element, including a free functionword, is prohibited in this position. It is the status of a word as a functionword, in one case, and as a morpheme in an inflectional ending, in another case, that has been examined. If we compare deletion rates of these subclasses to phonologically similar words, the deletion rate of the functionword subclasses is much higher than that of comparable words. In the remaining syntactic contexts, stress clashes are generally unlikely to arise, since the comparative is often followed by either a pause or an unstressed functionword. No comparable effect is detected if a monosyllabic functionword of the free class precedes a monosyllabic prosodic word which itself corresponds to a free functionword. Each of these predicates is a periphrastic form insofar at least one functionword is present. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Words without special relevance, such as "the" (see functionword), will have roughly even probability between classes (or can be placed into a separate category). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The descriptor "lexical" is applied to the words of a language's lexicon, often to indicate a content word, as distinct from a functionword. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Given a combination such as "will understand", one views the modal auxiliary verb "will", a functionword, as head over the main verb "understand", a content word. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Here as well, we have evidence for a minimal size constraint that affects only function words. In particular, the assumption is that function words may be left out, but content words will be included. The effect size for function words was particularly high. Function words such as pronouns may also be vowel-final on the surface without triggering apocope. This fact can account for the scarcity of function words, adpositions in particular, in sign languages. As expected, function words are of higher word frequency and shorter length on average. However, in the real world, this is where words occur, and function words indeed occur with greater frequency and are more predictable. Function words, on the other hand, are almost always selected by virtue of being part of a larger construction. If this is so, one might wonder why she nevertheless had pairs of equivalents of function words in her vocabulary. They reported that overall, function words were ' 'mixed' ' more than content words. The morphosyntactic features under investigation are function words and word order characteristics. This variance was accounted for by function words. A qualitative comparison of the order in which specific function words are acquired also yielded more similarities than differences. However, there is no sense in which t-to-r in monosyllabic words is restricted to function words. Function words are fairly evenly distributed between monosyllabic (43.5%) and polysyllabic words (56.5%). This holds in particular for constructions involving function words, such as auxiliary verbs, prepositions, determiners, and complementizers, but also for the ubiquitous phenomenon of coordination. It is argued that certain lexical items such as function words and pronouns are not focusable and that that is why pronouns must become topics. Selected data features are plotted on maps, attention being given to morphology (including function words) and phonology, and partly also to lexicon. They found privileged access to function words in a task where subjects had to read sentences aloud and make a semantic judgement later. Finally, note that monosyllabic function words are lexically stressed, but are less likely to be accented in production than content words. If constraints were asked to distinguish between the two classes of function words, this would obviously call for class-specific constraints. Function words are also common, generally short, and usually unaccented in production. However, in the case of the function words, the availability of equivalents did not prevent the child from failing to match the language context. Finally, in addition to surfacing in morphemes, these patterns of vowel harmony emerge in reduced versions of function words. Mixed words were assigned to three categories: nouns, verbs and function words. Although in the data considered 31 function words had equivalents, we should remember that these were tokens rather than types. Furthermore, some investigators have noted that these ' 'mixed' ' multiword utterances often contain function words juxtaposed with content words. Thus, as predicted, most constructions involving the omission of function words and omission of lower phonetic substance morphemes were affected by phonological ability. The materials included a relatively large number of recent foreign borrowings, as well as a few function words. Rather, a word (noun, verb, etc.) often plays that syntactic role with function words (postpositions, clausal connectives, etc.) attached. Other function words generally give a similar low intensity reading. Crucially, however, the classes of free and bound function words call for markedly different formal mechanisms, as will be argued below. The distinction between proclitics and enclitics will thus need to be stated in the function word's lexical entry. This indicates that the function words form independent phonological words and different constraints on their minimal forms apply to them than to open-class items. Function words are not the only such switching device. The lexical overlap between the two categories mostly consisted of common function words and main and auxiliary verbs. From the resulting dictionary, function words were eliminated and those word pairs with a high probability were used to define a partial alignment. Therefore, merger is only applied to monosyllabic words, especially function words. Function words included personal and indefinite pronouns, prepositions, articles, modal and auxiliary verbs, and wh-words. The results showed that function words matched the context considerably less than content words. The aim is to explore the hypothesis that function words will be less likely to match the context than content words. Interestingly, the binary length effect was in the opposite direction for content and function words. Even those fillers that can be ultimately interpreted as phonological are coined onto the target function words. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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