| 词汇 | example_english_estate |
| 释义 | Examples of estateThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. An assessment of the interplay of the same landowners with the populations of estates so clearly founded on different principles is needed. When he did stop, it was in cities ; he appears to have spent no more than a few days, in total, on rural estates. Who presided over the surviving, and even the new, provincial estates ? Such division was often met by those who had held large feudal estates, and by the tribal leaders, with displeasure and opposition. I use the word 'inheritance' to denote both ways of transferring rights over estates and bodies. The burghers had grown strong in feudal society and wanted a suitable position among the estates. Indeed, much of the evidence for the mechanization of wheat farms was obtained from the inventories of insolvent estates. His first two rubber estates employed 3,000 workers and were 450 and 550 acres in size. The estates were situated within a 10 km radius, and had reported populations of 6531, 4839 and 2004 individuals respectively. In their place, private estates and plantations dedicated to the production of coffee for exportation were created. With more than 50,000 persons being made homeless, the government decided in 1954 to relocate all squatters in multi-storey resettlement estates. On the estates though, these services were minimal. Notwithstanding this, the stoppage of new planting (and the opening of new estates) was also responsible for this reduction in mortality. Moreover, planters complained that larger estates were being forced to provide these services while smaller estates and smallholdings were exempted from these rules. Simultaneously, it intensified the labour regimes on the estates. The 'free people' were mainly farmers, who lived in villages among their estates. The reserve system is also in fact a continuation of a long historical tradition of maintaining large estates. Grain rents from two of the estate's farmers formed the core of the granary while the other farmers contributed smaller quantities. Even smallholders, crofters and cottagers in freehold parishes were better off in old age than former tenant farmers on the estates. The regional government launched a programme to create industrial estates throughout the area. The nobility possessed large estates which formed an important source of employment. Where rents of £5 are found, we are talking not of single enterprises but of estates. During the second half of the century, the organization of work on the estates began to change in many ways. The usual numbers of different maid categories were two, sometimes three, and on the estates sometimes more. The lands belonging to the estates seem mainly to have been used for crop cultivation, animal husbandry being a side activity here. Individuals or families could actually or nominally hold estates and exercise fiscal and administrative control over them. When the prince set off on his regular journeys to his various estates or to the south, the personnel of his chapel travelled with him. The earlier form (' common weal ' or ' common wealth ') referred to organic, societal relationships among the estates and their productive interconnection for the good of all. They had the power to force landlords to pay for improvements on their estates over which they had little or no control. In some cases the estates already had rudimentary laboratories built by former landlords for the analysis of soil, seeds, and fertilizers. In addition, more than half of estates owned by efendis were among the wealthiest quintile of our observations. Both, however, see inter-war housing policy as unhelpful to these methods, increasing the size of the estates and the role of male planners. The second section goes on to provide an account of the rise of the three estates. By 1997, over three million people were living in the worst 1,300 housing estates. Likewise, though both wealthy heiresses are willfully independent, they freely redeem their neighbors' estates after the false courtship has been revealed. In the attacks there was no attempt to differentiate between estates. Little research has been carried out into the changing role of landed estates in forming and maintaining woodland landscapes in this period. The 'extravagance' of the gentry was by the 1780s a source of increasing comment, and cited by some as cause of higher turnover of estates. Particularly dangerous for them were jurisdictional conflicts with other landed estates bordering on the town. Large estates permanently confiscated from great delinquents and fractions of estates taken from lesser offenders could be bought by parliament's supporters. The county committees were thus left with the onerous task of managing many sequestered estates on the behalf of the state. He hoped that no changes would be made to the old customary estates and tendered a proviso to that effect. She contends that it worked remarkably well, and it helped to secure the status of the estates throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In severe circumstances troops were redeployed to protect badly hit mines and estates. The nomination of the aldermen was carried out by the deputies to the provincial estates and two members of each body (nobles, gradues, bourgeois, negotiants). Most shareholders were disinclined to sell, preferring to wait and see what news would eventually come from the various estates. Additionally, the kanganies started to receive a premium for every recruited labourer that they brought to the estates. On the whole, financial and administrative factors constrained the development of sanitary and public health services on estates. Besides initiating lawsuits to regain their estates, royalists also raised loans to purchase from the state confiscated lands, thereby enabling them to maintain their livings. Like many estates in this region, its serfs fulfilled their obligations to the landlord in cash or kind (obrok) instead of labour (barshchina). Instead, the king bargained with the assembled estates, using a carefully constructed mixture of stick and carrot. Others owed their advance to one or more large inheritances that sometimes merged titles as well as estates. The introduction of the statare system on the estates, in particular, led to an increase in the number of married servants. The tendency has been, therefore, for such purchases to decline in favour of new build in small estates. His oeuvre also included industrial estates, factory buildings, office buildings and a number of public buildings. The latter indigenous host plant was present in waterways adjacent to sugarcane on the commercial sugar estates. Most kanganies were in fact jobbers; apart from the recruitment of workers they supervised 'their' gang of labourers on the estates. The private areas included kindergarten sandpits and housing estates. Active pheasant management took place on all estates. Since the early nineteenth century the borderlines between estates, even between samurai and merchants, became permeable. Of course, landowners will also have invested personal effort and capital in maintaining their estates and rendering them productive. The estates general was used to legalize this move, and then disbanded for ever. Similarly, estates belonging to legators with pilgrim fathers were about 61 percent more valuable than estates owned by legators with nonpilgrim fathers. Certainly, control rather than productivity was the logic behind the large estates. In general, agriculture dominates, and is practised by the large smallholder majority as well as by a number of small to medium-sized estates. Therefore, there are good grounds for facilitating the subdivision and sale of estates to small farmers. Not all covenant boundaries, he argues, are determined by national borders ; cities, provinces and estates are also potentially covenanted realms. Several reports point out that farmstead youths, in particular boys, tended to move further away than the next village, preferably to larger farms and estates. Summarizing, we can say that the system of retirement contracts on the estates filled two of the three functions that were applicable to freeholders. Their walled estates are the tangible signs of wealth gained from being well positioned during the liberalisation of the economy. They did not take into account that while different to those seen in the old areas, new community structures could build up in the estates. Unlike the remote northern grouse moors, such estates offered potentially rich pickings for poachers. Studies of the rural ruling class have concentrated on the nobility and greater gentry, those with estates of three thousand acres and above. The processing of wool, iron, and flax was done in monasteries or on large estates by serfs. We also see that these new estates even then had social problems. Several large areas were identi®ed for future housing estates. Although the layout of several municipal estates took this road line into account, it was never built. The experimental yields, which were two to three times greater than those being obtained at the time on estates, also set new targets for managers. In this period villagers on great estates were already beginning to be subject to one day of weekly manorial service. In this region money represented only 2 to 6 per cent of the total value of the rural estates. Therefore, this investigation offers the first qualitative survey and description of how the pension system functioned on the estates. From 1646 to 1648, because his estates had been confiscated by parliament, he and his family was reduced to subsistence. A few of the enterprises had housing estates which provided accommodation for workers. During the catastrophic 1992 drought its level dropped to one per cent, almost eliminating sugar cane production on the vast lowveld estates. In addition to being briefer, the accounts of the other two estates are less overt in assigning blame. The existence of this heteroglot readership implicitly acknowledges the power of the city to attract and reconstitute classes, estates, and professions. The factors limiting tenurial lordship outlined above are concerned with the particular, with individual lords, tenants and estates at specific times. If the fundamental basis of lordship was a personal relationship, it is easy to understand the vulnerability of that relationship on estates of this kind. The principal assets of land, buildings, factories and estates were valued at nearly $4 million and plant and machinery at $3 million. Agency houses were entitled (by the agency contract) to arrange the shipment and sale of rubber from estates which they managed. Although many estates had initially been independent of agency houses, by 1932 few remained. The other estates exist, but as equitable, not as legal, interests. The most important class of chattels real are leasehold estates. Such estates can now only be created as equitable interests by means of the machinery of a trust. A single township would contain no more than a fraction of the estates of a nobleman or other great landowner. He analysed the great 1789 uprising as a conflict between the four" estates" of the ancien regime. On a hypothetical scale of integration, multiple-employer estates would rank lower than single company estates. Even further out the houses are spread out on estates with gardens. A large share of the land continued to be held by local yeomen, in many cases as part of estates of 100 to 200 acres. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。