| 词汇 | example_english_equity |
| 释义 | Examples of equityThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Figure 2 shows the value over time of an initial investment in equities and bonds (with income reinvested) and i. i. d. returns. We have chosen a model that only includes equities and cash to avoid the problems that arise when the benchmarks considered present multicollinearity. Given that insurers are among the largest institutional investors in equities, this is not an unreasonable claim. The findings support the view that aging may lead to increased risk aversion and thus to a lower engagement of institutional investors in equities. I assume that equities will not be held in respect of pensioners' benefits, so no adjustment is needed here. The graph shows the worker's annual earnings, asset holdings, consumption, and asset mix between equities and bonds. Proposition 1. * l 0 that is, all assets in the new mandatory account are in ested in t equities. Meanwhile, unlike traditional policies, variable policies imply active investment in equities, real estate and international investments which may be expected to keep pace with inflation. The asset mix of savings (between bonds and equities) can be adjusted each period. Although pension funds were allowed to invest in equities after 1985, the allocation remained less than 10 % until 1989. If, for example, social security funds were invested wholly in equities, presumably they would have to be purchased from the major holders of such equities. The gain on pension equities then causes a further reduction in pension contributions and the process repeats. Between 1982 and 2000, capital gains on equities held by defined benefit plans amounted to $1.4 trillion. They argue that the key to protecting retirement wealth against volatility is diversification, and equities continue to remain an important component of retirement portfolios. The firm may chose to invest the contributions in equities. The evidence supports the view that aging may lead to increased risk aversion and thus to a lower engagement of institutional investors in equities. He concluded that equities play a very slight role, while gilts and index-linked gilts have a very important role. Actuaries have recently accepted that the present value of a pension fund does not change as the asset allocation between equities and bonds is altered. However, it is found that pension funds generally invest around 40 % to 60% of their portfolio in equities. She has purchased relatively expensive equities during her employment, and during her unemployment spell does not have the resources to purchase equities at relative discount. Notable observation is the high allocation to equities (78 %) with only 14 % in fixed income. Starting in 2002 pensioners have been allowed some portfolio choice and are permitted to invest up to 40 % in equities. He argued that this would provide "a better balance in the equities" between business and labor. Finally, the evidence on hedging total liability risk indicates that the risk-minimising portfolio contains only a small proportion of equities. There is very little empirical evidence to support the view that equities are a good hedge for salaries. The authors predict that younger investors are likely to invest more in equities. The market index price for the computation of market conditions is computed as the average price of the 50 equities. The categories were determined by the percentage allocated to cash (low risk), bonds (moderate risk) and equities (high risk). If officials are allowed to decide what counts as dangerous by weighing the equities in a particular case, they would be able to enforce selectively. The liability matching portfolio probably consists of index-linked gilts and bonds, together with modest amounts of equities and property. Indeed, the higher risk and return of equities is the foundation of much of finance theory. Therefore, if age is positively correlated with financial wealth, as people get older they will invest a smaller proportion of their financial wealth in equities. Typically, the asset classes include fixed income, equities, real estate, money market instruments, venture capital, and private investments. The latter is based on the expected long-term rate of return on equities. Thus, the solvency margin regulations limit the amount that a pension fund can invest in equities. We hypothesize that unemployment is coincident with negative shocks to equities prices, implying workers may systematically miss investment opportunities. The real issue is the effect on risk of investing in equities. Higher taxation on bonds than equities makes the former an attractive investment to tax-exempt investors such as pension funds. They also reported that funds were increasingly allocating to alternative investments, real estate, enhanced indexed equities, and bonds. Optimizing individuals may use their other wealth sources to undo changes in risk exposure, for example by going short in equities and long in indexed bonds. Individual participants in these groups (members, pensioners, shareholders) can manage the aggregate risk of their personal portfolios of pension rights, equities, bonds, human capital etc. according to their own age. Bonds and gilts rise and fall in value over their lifetime but are expected to grow more than cash but less in the long-term than equities. In particular, to understand how the market price of risk changes, it is crucial to know how the added volatility is related to the equity's return. Increasingly integrated financial markets, as for foreign exchange, equities and both long and short-term debt. In particular, the mandatory contribution rate is given by equation (7h) and fraction of these contributions are deposited in bonds and the other (1k) fraction goes into equities. Let t denote the fraction of the new mandatory private account which is invested in the risk-less asset, and let 1kt represent the fraction invested in equities. Investing public pension assets in equities rather than government bonds would reduce (though not eliminate) this problem, though it would also raise the specter of political interference in investment decisions. By comparing the difference directly, we isolate the impact of timing on losses, and estimate the impact of any observed co-integration of the labor and equities markets. While it may be true that equities are equally risky at all horizons (not everyone would agree, though), the horizon will affect the worker's portfolio risk. An example serves to illustrate the importance between equities shocks and unemployment and how the asymmetry of the impacts may result in market timing effects that increase savings losses. She found that individuals who did not plan for retirement have lower net wealth and were less likely to invest in assets with higher expected returns, such as equities. Such risks are minimised by investment in assets with real returns (indexed bonds, or in their absence international equities and real estate), which are often restricted by regulations. The analysis looks at pension funds' balance sheet liabilities as a determinant of capital allocation among different asset classes such as equities, bonds, and real estate (strategic asset allocation). Prior to retirement, pension schemes might be expected to offset the cost of pension accrual by investing in assets with a higher expected return than bonds, typically equities. On the other hand, a general tendency can be discerned for sectors facing prudent person rules to have a grater share of equities and foreign assets. Neither equities nor variable annuities are available, and as both mortality and interest rates are fixed there is no uncertainty over the future course of annuity prices. The evidence shows that a younger age structure and lower short-term benefits payouts are related to a higher share of equities and lower real estate holdings. We might, for example, have applied a limitation by prohibiting further investment in equities when half the fund had already been invested in that way. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 As directors' too, we seek to borrow as much as we can on fixed interest and to invest as much as we can in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 One sees the insurance companies' investment portfolios always expanding with the savings of working people buying shares in industrial equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If one invests in equities, one incurs the risk of the stock markets. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The purpose of the scheme is to encourage people to put their money into direct savings in equities, investment trusts and unit trusts. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The preference for equities that the regulations are building into the tax system is, in our view, neither sensible nor just. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is a very strong reason indeed why there should be some extra taxation of equities at the present time. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I think that that is in itself a sufficient indication that the holders of industrial equities are doing relatively well. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There were only 3 million shareholders of equities, and the number was dwindling. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We cannot afford to invest the savings of the workers in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Thirdly, it is driving pension funds away from investment in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I do not pretend that it is particularly desirable that trustees should invest entirely in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Two-thirds of equities are now held by such funds. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Many others have not, and some, by the terms of trusts, and so on, cannot invest in equities and have to remain in gilt-edged. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Nevertheless, there is a definite relationship between a decline in the market value of equities and employer insolvency. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Again, the investor gets poor rewards for subscribing to equities at present. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Typical advice would be to select a spread of equities, gilts and with-profit investments. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The main beneficiaries from investing in equities in individual savings accounts will be top rate taxpayers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 As for new investors, we have no direct information on what proportion of those taking out plans had not previously invested in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Suppose that some time later he decides that he would like to convert into equities £2,000 of his holding in gilts. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If desired, the debentures could be sold and converted into equities and would not have to be transferred to the narrower-range part of the fund. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They are now all up to their necks in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They are to be entitled to buy equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If we give financial asistance, we demand the right to take equities and to exercise a degree of intervention in those industries and companies. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Under the vesting deed nearly all equities are over-reached, but they will remain to be determined under the trust deed. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 On the equities of the situation, there is no justification for confining compensation to a loss which can be quantified on that scale. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Is there any reason why, for example, we should not take debenture stock convertible into equities? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The rate of return on investment in equities—which includes manufacturing industry, and industry generally — is extremely low. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Blue-chip shares also represent the great bulk of trading in equities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The limited available evidence suggests that, while there is a positive correlation between inflation and salaries, neither is well hedged by equities. If the shares of capital and labour in national income remain constant, then equities and salaries are expected to increase at the same long-run rate. First, investing in equities should increase the value of the assets in the pension fund at a higher rate than would investing in bonds. Negative autocorrelation in long-run stock market returns means that longterm investors could engage in profitable market timing by switching between equities and bonds. In that year 10 % of life assurance assets were in held in equities. Approximately half of the assets were invested in equities. Taking the countries together on average, portfolios with prudent person rules have fewer bonds, and more equities and foreign assets, than those with quantitative restrictions. The capital gains from both equities and bonds propelled plan assets from $444 billion in 1982 to $2.1 trillion in 2000. In our base case, we assume that the plan sponsor invests plan assets in a consistent and constant proportionality of 60% equities and 40 % bonds. Moreover, investing in growth assets, such as equities, involves higher asset management fees than investing in defensive assets, such as bonds. A final criticism revolves around the savings of the unemployed and whether they continue to purchase equities during periods of unemployment. However, if this correlation is positive, workers may invest a smaller proportion of their financial wealth in equities than do pensioners. The correlation with equities was x0.12, while the correlation with bonds was x0.32, indicating that neither equities nor bonds provide a good hedge for salaries. The funds invest in a variety of assets, including equities, bonds, and real estate, both at home and abroad. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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