| 词汇 | example_english_episodic |
| 释义 | Examples of episodicThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The term is used in cognitive research to contrast ' 'semantic' ' memory with episodic memory. The systems of neural connections that specify the combinations of elemental stimuli constituting long-term episodic memories become activated with the occurrence of familiar events. Existing explanations of domestic structural change focus on the role crises play in precipitating radical or episodic change. Episodic change reinvents institutional patterns so as to break with prevailing customs and procedures. We focus in this article on incremental change, but our framework also sheds light on cases of episodic change. His history is utterly episodic and without inherent connectedness. Such interviews rely on human episodic longterm memory to report and describe periods of illness. Results highlight the need for early and effective intervention of both episodic mood disorder and inter-episode interpersonal dysfunction inherent to the personality disorders. After completion of this test, the participants were presented with the episodic memory test. Here, the book does not make it clear how the system avoids the search space explosion in finding similar scenes in episodic memory. The present findings suggest that persons diagnosed with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder show substantial episodic memory dysfunction, comparable to that observed in major depression. They showed a profile of episodic memory and semantic memory impairment, but no impairment in working memory, language or processing speed. The neuropsychology battery was designed to focus on episodic memory with tests using both verbal and visual learning material for recognition and recall. Intra-individual changes of inter-episodic morbidity over time were statistically evaluated by use of the signed rank test. Researchers in psychology have developed theories about this sort of memory, called episodic or autobiographical memory. By compar ison, their br ief r ivalr y had only episodic significance. Thus, the evolution of episodic memories may have allowed these huntergatherers (both past and present) to talk in the way that they do. The qualitative approach would raise another set of questions about animals' episodic memories. Episodic memory is that concerning individual experience in the spatio-temporal context. The episodic store augments working memory storage capacity, holding integrated material such as scenes and events. Findings are discussed within a multimodal episodic model of learning. While portraying complex and episodic themes, these projects paid close attention to contextual morphologies and continuities of figure, ground, edge and street. Duration of episodic illnesses was calculated in days, from the reported dates of onset and recovery. The episodic level has also been shown to have ramifications on the use of linguistic forms. Conservatism works by placing relatively more reliance on episodic/ rote support and discounting the influences of analogic pressure. The sharp-based sandstones with traction-generated internal sedimentary structures represent storm eventbeds emplaced by episodic storm-generated currents. Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. The deformation was transpressive and no doubt episodic; stress release by seismic slip may have facilitated the ascent of granite magma. Thus, isolated or episodic consultations with clinicians create a particularly challenging context within which difficult information is delivered. By an episodic view, words are recognized against a background of countless, detailed episodes. The form of the zoning patterns clearly relate to episodic crystal growth and sporadic dissolution. Second, increased use of microchips and biosensors is likely to make healthcare more proactive and preventative rather than reactive and episodic. The initial activation would automatically activate (more or less at random) one or more emotionally salient episodic memories of waking experience. Reliance on a single diagnosis is particularly problematic for assessing depression, because it is often episodic and may have relatively late age of onset. The data suggest that the hippocampus is involved in declarative rather than procedural memory and in episodic rather than skill learning. The same is true for declarative memories, whether episodic or semantic. In this view, short-term episodic memory consists of well-consolidated and partially consolidated long-term episodic memories in an active state. The model's performance on a number of episodic memory tasks is compared with scores from patients with schizophrenia on the same tasks. Dissociation of crosslanguage priming effect in lexical decision and episodic recognition. More frequent measurements over longer time frames are optimal for evaluating the often uneven and episodic nature of behavior change. Simple organisms can learn patterns of action without any detailed episodic recall, again, like human infants. In contrast, after controlling for depression, severity of externalizing disorder was associated with noninterpersonal episodic and chronic stress. The key feature in the mayor's style of resource mobilization was episodic and perhaps even ad hoc. Based on these intensive studies, a hypothesis regarding the formation of episodic memory is given. Such priming may occur within any of a wide range of representations, from brief post-perceptual stores to long-term episodic, autobiographical, or semantic memory representations. The second pressure is the growth in the rote episodic auditory representation of a correct form. The initial stage is a lexical learning stage during which lexical items are associated with event representations in episodic memory. Both are - indefinite determiners that can introduce a referential argument in episodic sentences. Stories, on the other hand, are characterized by a more complex episodic structure, where characters' internal states and motivations are important. Patients with an average inter-episodic morbidity below the median and without both re-hospitalization and drop-out were considered as 'good responders'. Besides prevention of re-hospitalization, inter-episodic morbidity and drop-out have been considered for this evaluation. Careful selection of appropriate episodic memory tests is therefore important for detection of early deficits. With lithium, inter-episodic morbidity tended to be slightly less present (36 %) and necessitated additional treatment during 60 % of the time. The presented paradigm does not allow for differentiation between an inhibitory account of negative priming and an episodic trace-retrieval account. However, when the same therapist observes the patient ' free associate ', episodic recall occurs in a less organized, more random way. In contrast, in high-dissociative subjects increased performance has been found for episodic memory and dual task performance. In pathological dissociation, evidence has been presented for episodic memory dysfunction. Rather, the present findings indicate a selective deficit of episodic memory in the patients. Episodic memory is the memory system most sensitive to decline with age and with dementia. Their interaction with customers is even more narrowly focused and episodic. Diagrammatically, this mechanism works through the juxtaposition of a form receiving episodic support (' squeeze ') with a predicted inflected form (' unsqueeze '). The episodic structure of the play gives each event a gestic significance, lifting it from its immediate context and offering it up for social analysis. The rather disjointed episodic style also adds to the tension. The book's structure is loose, even episodic, following that of the doctoral thesis on which it is based. Episodic storm wave activity involved the formation of tempestites and the migration of subtidal bars. Presence of 10-30 cm thick beds may be related to episodic deposition with long dry periods when sediments were mottled. The relationship demanded by the guarantee was formal, episodic and arti®cial. Further investigation is also required regarding the role of senescence and episodic mortality. Thus observed increases are not a consequence of episodic recruitment events, and observed declines are not a consequence of inhibited g ermination or juvenile non-recruitment. Learning in terms of an episodic model consists of copying the features of an experience into a trace. Therefore, if selection has acted upon this gene, its action is episodic across the history of the genus. Future maintenance treatment trials are needed to clarify the relationship between episodic mood disorder and personality function over time. One of the most consistently reported cognitive problems in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder is impairment in episodic memory. Distinguishing between inhibitionbased and episodic retrieval-based accounts of negative priming. In episodic sentences, intransitives are typically atelic, and transitives are telic. The audio and graphic elements of the work occupy clearly delineated, episodic, sections within the piece. The breathlessness assoc iated with cancer is often much more episodic. To date, laboratory experiments, especially with heavy metals, have to a large extent demonstrated those toxicity effects which occur as episodic pollution events. The most detailed treatments of institutional change to date have focused largely on examples of episodic change. Then, episodic memory is searched for a description fitting the more general scheme. Thus, there is a key distinction between procedural memory (knowing how) and declarative (knowing that, itself divisible between semantic and episodic or autobiographical memory). The competition between two candidate forms is governed by the strength of their episodic auditory representations. Thereafter, average inter-episodic morbidity remained approximately on the low level for the rest of the observation period. In contrast, tests of episodic memory refer to episodes in a person's experience in which objects or events were only perceived passively. However, depression also was marginally significantly associated with independent noninterpersonal episodic stress. In the total sample, after controlling for externalizing disorder, depression severity was associated with interpersonal episodic and chronic stress. The typical pretest, posttest, and two follow-up intervals 4 - 6 months apart may not detect the more time-sensitive, episodic, and nonlinear nature of behavior change. As measured here, depressive symptoms reflect persistent problems reflecting dysthymia rather than the episodic symptoms defining major depressive disorder. Negative habitual sentences, construed as in as assertions of general nonexistence, were strengthened to become assertions of nonexistence - just like negative episodic sentences as in. Ending on a rhetorical and substantive diminuendo, it emphasises the major weakness of the study - its episodic character ; its genesis as a series of essays. Typical threat-simulation dreams, such as nightmares and recurrent dreams, are thus composed of a variable mixture of salient, episodic memory traces and suitable threat-simulation scripts. The data suggest that human hippocampus is involved in declarative rather than procedural memory and in episodic rather than skill learning. Both have radical limits, in sharp contrast to such things as longterm episodic memory or linguistic knowledge. The first of these issues is the idea that the predictability of everyday experiences provides an illusion of episodic memory. Certainly, some types of memory are intricately linked with consciousness, in particular the episodic memory usually proposed for consolidation. No one believes that sleep will help recall lost episodic or declarative memories. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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