| 词汇 | example_english_endoplasmic-reticulum |
| 释义 | Examples of endoplasmic reticulumThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Although plastids remained unchanged, further development of the endoplasmicreticulum was manifested by longer profiles. Nuclear profiles were markedly abnormal, plasmalemma withdrawal (arrowheads) could be seen and the profiles of endoplasmicreticulum were dilated (a). Note the smooth and rough endoplasmicreticulum and gap junctions between theca-interna cells. In the cortex of the oocytes the cisternae of the endoplasmicreticulum were no longer present. These complexes appear occasionally to be associated with vesicles of smooth endoplasmicreticulum. Microtubules and the endoplasmicreticulum are highly interdependent structures. The tegument is a syncytial stratum, laden with membrane-bound, electron-lucid and electron-dense vesicles, mitochondria, ribosomes and smooth endoplasmicreticulum. One interesting protein is calreticulin, a calcium-binding protein that, in mammals, is normally located in the endoplasmicreticulum. Concentric-whorled membranes, having a granular appearance resembling the ribosomes of rough endoplasmicreticulum, float in the pseudocoelom between somatic muscles, reproductive tract and intestine. Note the granular appearance of the cytoplasm and the presence of areas of expanded granular endoplasmicreticulum (gar). Two layers of membrane, derived from the endoplasmicreticulum, are incorporated as internal lipid membranes. The rachis cytoplasm contains mitochondria, extensive rough endoplasmicreticulum, and electron-dense granules. The gland contains glycogen deposits, and rough endoplasmicreticulum distended into cisternae with granular material. The cell cytoplasm consists of few mitochondria, granules, endoplasmicreticulum, and vesicles. The ' factories ' of crystalline material are comprised from seemingly specialized mitochondria and rough endoplasmicreticulum elements. Organelles were more randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and signs of endoplasmic reticulum proliferation and damage to mitochondrial membranes and cristae were observed. The lymph fluid comprised an amorphous, proteinaceous lipid-rich matrix, containing nuclei, complexes of endoplasmicreticulum and variously sized granules. The large oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc to the nascent polypeptide chain, which is transported across or inserted into the rough endoplasmicreticulum membrane. Our observations showed a close proximity between endoplasmicreticulum cisternae and cortical granules. Point mutations - the most common cause of human genetic diseases - can inhibit folding and assembly of the protein in the endoplasmicreticulum. This cytoplasm of the nurse cell consisted of mitochondria, vacuoles, and rough endoplasmicreticulum, and produced the inner layer of the cyst wall. In the mature egg, this nucleated envelope contains extensive endoplasmicreticulum, suggestive of a protein synthetic capacity. Lamellar bodies probably related to an assembly of endoplasmicreticulum membranes were observed in some damaged microfilariae. Each spermatocyte contains many secretory granules of one apparent type, with abundant endoplasmicreticulum and mitochondria. No detectable staining was observed in the endoplasmicreticulum-rich myoid region. The membranes were structurally very similar to the agranular endoplasmicreticulum. Fertilised eggs showed signs of cytoplasmic activation including cytoskeleton association with apparently dividing mitochondria and prominent rough endoplasmicreticulum. Localization of endoplasmicreticulum in living and glutaraldehyde fixed cells with fluorescent dyes. These nucleated regions often contain extensive arrays of granular endoplasmicreticulum. In addition, the individual lipid bodies become enveloped by single rough endoplasmicreticulum cisterns. The nucleus of these cells displayed normal chromatin condensation; the cytoplasm contained few vacuoles and a large amount of endoplasmicreticulum. During mitosis the endoplasmicreticulum is known to aggregate within the asters of the mitotic apparatus. About 5 % of total cell protein was isolated as a microsomal fraction containing mostly plasma membranes and endoplasmicreticulum vesicles. The follicle cell (fc) has abundant ribosomes, rough endoplasmicreticulum and vesicles with fibrillar material (asterisk). The infected muscle cell transformed to the nurse cell, whose cytoplasm was characterized by extensive smooth endoplasmicreticulum. Eukaryotic transmembrane proteins are synthesized on the surface of the rough endoplasmicreticulum. The presence of large expanses of rough endoplasmicreticulum (rer) is indicative of a protein synthetic role for the envelope. Note the multmucleated nature of the cytoplasm and the lack of any endoplasmicreticulum in an expanded form. The former has extensive endoplasmicreticulum and the latter has amorphous material. The cytoplasm consists of many electron-dense granules, mitochondria and endoplasmicreticulum. They are synthesized sequentially from stearate by 9-, 12- and 15-desaturases located on the endoplasmicreticulum. A significant labeling of the endoplasmicreticulum in (b) is achieved with this technique. Plastids were typically electron-dense, and short, scattered profiles of endoplasmicreticulum occurred (b). We detected severe vacuolization in most of trophoblast and embryoblast cells with accumulation of virus-like particles in vesicles and dilated endoplasmicreticulum. Extended throughout the cortex interconnected tubules and cisternae of the endoplasmicreticulum formed a welldeveloped network. In addition to the cortical network of endoplasmicreticulum, at least two morphologically distinct vesicles were positive to the antibody. Small amounts of endoplasmicreticulum were detected at the periphery of some subtegumental ' cells' but crystalline inclusions were not seen in the nuclei. Freeze-fracture studies have shown that the myofilaments of the muscle cell disappear and are replaced by an extensive smooth endoplasmicreticulum that buds off vesicles. Following synthesis, the subunits must assemble into an octameric complex to be able to exit the endoplasmicreticulum and reach the plasma membrane. Axons also contain many microtubules, mitochondria, clusters of fine, dense fibres, and cisternae of endoplasmicreticulum (fig. 2). The cells each contained a nucleus, free ribosomes, smooth endoplasmicreticulum, and secretory bodies similar to those found in the syncytium (fig. 7). The cytoplasm of these cells is 'clear', with a reduced density of organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria compared to their healthy counterparts. The lower series depicts the sequestration of a-glycogen particles (gp) by peripheral smooth endoplasmicreticulum (s). The cytoplasm is also filled with ribosomes arranged as polysomes, a few mitochondria, and occasionally small amounts of rough endoplasmicreticulum situated peripherally. This complex is responsible for co-translational protein targeting and translocation by directing ribosomes to the protein translocation apparatus of the endoplasmicreticulum. The protein-conducting channel in the membrane of the endoplasmicreticulum is open laterally toward the lipid bilayer. The cytoplasm is filled with extensive formation of smooth endoplasmicreticulum, a characteristic feature of steroid-producing cells. This density is due to the presence of cytoplasm filaments, a few mitochondria with lamellar cristae, granular endoplasmicreticulum, and occasional lysosome-like granules are present. After the migration of these vesicles, a network of endoplasmicreticulum developed in the oocyte cortex. Endo- and exocytosis can generate changes in predetermined lipid protein interactions, which start with protein synthesis at the surface of the rough endoplasmicreticulum. In contrast, however, in the anterior nucleated regions, the majority of the cytoplasm is filled with areas of granular endoplasmicreticulum. Molecular mechanisms of membrane protein integration into the endoplasmicreticulum. Detection of transient in vivo interactions between substrate and transporter during protein translocation into the endoplasmicreticulum. Determination of the distance between the oligosaccharyltransferase active site and the endoplasmicreticulum membrane. Reorganization of the endoplasmicreticulum during meiotic maturation of the mouse oocyte. The endoplasmicreticulum increases in size, and the mitochondria increase in number. Regulation of protein biogenesis at the endoplasmicreticulum membrane. A few short strands of rough endoplasmicreticulum occur in the cell cytoplasm. Organisation of the sea urchin endoplasmicreticulum and its reorganisation at fertilisation. Evidence for an alpha-mannosidase in endoplasmicreticulum of rat liver. Demonstration of calcium uptake and release by sea urchin egg cortical endoplasmicreticulum. Using immunogold labelling we confirmed these results and found evidence to suggest that /?-tubulin associates with the rough endoplasmicreticulum of interphase cells by a linking protein. Organization of the sea urchin egg endoplasmicreticulum and its reorganization at fertilization. The live parasites contained a large nucleus or multiple nuclei, rough endoplasmicreticulum, ribosomes, simple mitochondria and large food vacuoles, which contained a few loosely packed pigment crystals. The endoplasmicreticulum of the zygote expands rapidly and numerous vesicular vacuoles are formed, some develop into the microneme-rhoptry complex, others become compacted forming the characteristic crystalloid. These bodies are formed by smooth endoplasmicreticulum encirclement of small glycogen masses followed by further sequestration, and eventually definition of glycogen particles may be lost. Considering the heterogeneity shown on sucrose density gradient and the enzyme data, the designation of the dextran pellet as endoplasmicreticulum should be considered operational and the characterization incomplete. The rough endoplasmicreticulum is also abundant. Polarity and reorganization of the endoplasmicreticulum during fertilization and ooplasmic segregation in the ascidian egg. Ultrastructural changes during nuclear maturation uptake and release by sea urchin egg cortical endoplasmicreticulum. Evolution of the endoplasmicreticulum during rat spermiogenesis. We cannot exclude the possibility of calcium deposits in the endoplasmicreticulum being easily and quickly mobilised, and their efflux could occur at the earliest stages of specimen preparation. Attributes and dynamics of the endoplasmicreticulum in mammalian eggs. Preparation and properties of plasma membrane and endoplasmicreticulum fragments from isolated rat fat cells. In the cortices isolated from fertilised eggs 30 min after insemination, the antibody stained only a similar network of endoplasmicreticulum, presumably the one reconstructed 5-10 min after fertilisation. Signal transduction from the endoplasmicreticulum to the cell nucleus. In the cortical region of the oocyte, a few cisternae of smooth endoplasmicreticulum were distributed in the cytoplasmic matrix between lipid droplets, yolk platelets and pigment granules. Effect of nitric oxide on endoplasmicreticulum calcium homeostasis, protein synthesis and energy metabolism. The endoplasmicreticulum is still scarce. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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