| 词汇 | example_english_elect |
| 释义 | Examples of electThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. After handing over power to elected civilians in 1969, the military struck again in 1972. The type of political system established after the return to competitive electoral politics had an impact on the number of women elected in both countries. Now, clearly, liberal democratic states can and do use coercive means in order to implement policies that have been agreed amongst democratically elected representatives. Newly elected men wrestled with consciences or argued with colleagues and immediately declined or subsequently resigned the proferred position. The second term captures the possibility that either the new price or quality of care after regionalization influences the probability of electing surgery. In each district, candidates will differ substantially and it will be easy to gauge the impact they might have on the policy outcome if elected. Then there are the government actors, who want to maximize their chances of getting elected. In addition, there are many examples where the elected councillor serves as part of the chief's isigungu as well. Like elected village chiefs, the currently nominated mayors find themselves in an ambiguous situation. As elected members of the legislature, elected representatives are expected to represent their voters in the process of lawmaking. The involvement of top-level, elected officials in the aid allocation process, however, is usually limited. Every modern democracy has elected legislatures and political parties, each of which is a vehicle for a specific type of representation. The result is that the left party is elected to implement policies that a majority of voters do not want. Newly elected officials do not want to spend the capital they have 'earned' in the election by staying the course. The papers reviewed have focused on indirect communication - from voters to elected politicians through voting and from politicians to voters through campaign fund-raising. In the case of single-member districts, with only one candidate elected in the district, this variable is not applicable. We now know that attention from some elected officials matters to the promulgation of rules. The present system of electing individuals is considered seriously flawed given the low voter turnouts. They were either elected or selected by the water users to supervise all activities concerning irrigation and to enforce rules. There must also be a party for which they can vote that promises to translate their fears into remedial government policy if elected to office. Put another way, a state in which only bad politicians run for and are elected to office may be a self-enforcing equilibrium. In the presidential election example given above only the elected candidate will actually act like president. Do they do so primarily because they believe their democratically elected government is corrupt and unaccountable? Elections are conducted by a show of hands, with leaders elected by majority. The assemblies would set development criteria and keep watch over elected and appointed government officials. Thus, for example, the top three vote-getters would be elected in a three-seat district. Half of the parliament is elected from single-member districts, the other half from the list vote. We define junior members as those elected fewer than four times and senior members are those elected four or more times. The controversy is over the practice of drawing district lines for the purpose of making sure that candidates from under-represented groups get elected. Both measures rate the liberalism (or conservatism) of elected officials based on their roll-call voting records. As always in times of retrenchment, elected officials have needed to win the goodwill of voters and interest groups for these unpopular cutbacks. Often, the sanctions inflicted on those seeking to be elected were as much intra- as inter-ethnic or tribal. In some organisations, even the top officer was not elected, but rather chosen by consensus. The study found that both men and women from a range of class backgrounds were elected to leadership positions. The success of group-supported candidates to get elected thus hinged mainly on the ability of these groups to get their candidates endorsed by the parties. Every three years, half of its members are elected for a renewable term of six years. If people send clear policy messages to elected officials, the behaviour of the latter will be constrained by the preferences of the former. The first committees to be elected had only six months to learn about governance before the safe zone suddenly disintegrated. The centrepiece of the new colonial dispensation, the territorial councils, remained forums of debate without power, elected on limited and discriminatory franchises. He was the only vanguardista who got elected. Although the numbers of women elected to congress have increased, there have been very few women in the executive since 1983. The result was a significant increase in the numbers of women elected. However, despite its overwhelming majority of 122 out of 182 seats in the legislature, the party found governing more difficult than getting elected. Chapter 7 details the changing trends in funding influenced by interest groups and elected officials. In 10 of these cases, the patients elected for non-intervention due to early gestational age (< 25 weeks) or estimated fetal weight < 500 grams. By this stage he had little choice if he wanted to be elected. The psychological trauma of waiting results in many patients electing for private referral. The remaining 5 % still had questions concerning the method's effectiveness and fears of possible impotency, but elected to go ahead with the operation. To some extent the elected village committee led by the village head plays the role of a check and balance to the village party branch. He finds that both elected village heads and party representatives unambiguously acknowledge this. On the third model the elected village committee and village assembly dominate. The average (199,685) is derived from total numbers of votes cast in the 1996 congressional election (86,863,000) divided by the number of seats elected (435). Instead, he elected to demonstrate the legitimacy and importance of his discovery through the interest it provoked among powerful state officials. If a candidate wins a majority of the total votes cast in the district in the first round, he or she is elected. We need to ask, then, how far this civic discourse translated into action once candidates were elected. Before the amendment, senators were elected indirectly by state legislators; after the amendment, senators were elected directly by the state citizenry. Others are so closely tied to elected politicians that they lack substantial independence. The president, who is elected directly for a maximum of two 6-year terms, is the head of state. Throughout the nineteenth century crop reporters had been elected like representatives of townships. He was elected to the position of assistant professor in 1980, associate professor in 1989 and professor in 1993. Free from fear of prosecution, former military officers were active in business and held elected office. Either form of responsibility is sufficient to characterize the regime as mixed (given, of course, the existence of an independently elected president and assembly responsibility). Because voters separately elected several agency administrators, gubernatorial control of the executive branch and patronage powers were weak. Candidates, like other citizens, receive utility from the policy implemented, have no means of commitment, and thus will always implement their ideal policies if elected. In the second the delegates elected the new president and new members of congress (a third of them were replaced every two years). Only a tiny minority (5 per cent) displayed some degree of trust in the popularly elected branches of government. 218 d oh chull shin system of governance, therefore, its citizens and elected officials have to interact with each other on a continuing basis. Once elected, senators had to develop reputations that translated into support among party organization regulars as well as directly among their constituents. In general, these studies have concluded that more women are elected in proportional rather than in plurality or majority electoral systems. However, choices as to how much, if any, of local revenue will be spent in each of the above areas rest with the elected councils. Similar duties devolve upon elected representatives in the context of democratic politics (which representatives, however, need not be motivated by altruism). Each of the 20 full cantons elects two members, while each of the six half-cantons elects one member. Acrossthe-board reductions may allow elected officials to evade the scrutiny of interest groups while ensuring that bureaucrats save face. The ejido assembly elects an executive committee, consisting of the following ejido commissioners : a president or comisariado ejidal, a secretary and a treasurer. They integrated temporarily in political life, resulting in one of their members being elected as a deputy in 1896. Classic political accountability involves holding elected politicians accountable through the election process. Next, taking two different approaches, we discuss why these specific albums have been elected. The dialogue makes bureaucratic officials open to public scrutiny and makes elected officials subject to pressures from outside the inner circle of political elites. As one may argue that if the practice of electing village chiefs proves relatively successful, why not try elections for rural township leaders? Even though the percentages of women elected in the seven systems examined intensively above vary dramatically, the same basic relationship holds for six of them. Parties on the other hand have to decide how many candidates to nominate in order to get as many elected as possible. At the core of this process lie constant interactions between citizens and elected politicians. One councillor told us that two of her female supporters had subsequently been elected to the assembly and were now in their second terms. He elected to walk to school with a pushchair and stand in the playground like the women. In addition, those elected were to lose their parliamentary seats if they ceased to be a member of the party which nominated them. All subjects given superior performance feedback in phase one of the experiment elected to have control in the second phase. Churchwardens were representatives elected by parishioners to serve, usually in pairs, for a year or two. The tribal chief was elected by the assembly. Neither will they hand over power gracefully to an elected successor; the transfer of power will continue to be an abrasive, coup-ridden business. In 1936 the city was divided into three local government electoral wards, two of which elected eight councillors whilst the third ward elected four. A thirteen-person steering committee was elected to draw up a draft constitution and a programme of activities. The reorganization of state administration is carried out at the behest of these elites, either directly, through unelected state officials, or indirectly, through elected politicians. There are, for instance, adverse implications for democracy- in some situations the bureaucrats rather than the elected officials are likely to be found taking decisions. In the three decades that followed the issue of a new constitution in 1890, elected party members gradually increased their occupation of cabinet posts. As for a more democratic architecture, we already have democracy in the planning process, whereby the elected representatives vote on design quality. We only know of such behaviour, however, because it was opposed, and because the churchwardens - who were elected - decided to report it. Many of them elected men associated with the extreme traditional right wing to be their chairmen. Three of the hardest selling dealers were elected, usually by vote. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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