Examples of economic

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
To the discomfort of many economists, resources are usually allocated to and among health services on criteria of political rather than economic rationality.
Political rationality is considerably more complicated than economic rationality.
He points out that, during the war, the experts of the treasury and the economic section of the cabinet secretariat wondered likewise.
Often this was presented as an economic approach, in contrast to the political approach of bargaining with labour.
In this paper, we discuss three such approaches suggested in the recent economic literature: the time-elasticity, competitor-share, and option-demand approaches.
More detailed information on education, economic activity and housing conditions was collected from one out of five households using a systematic sampling selection.
Food vending is also an essential economic activity for many low-educated residents.
Like the taxpayer, s/he is an economic invention.
On the one hand, it would be dif ficult to disregard economic orthodoxy.
Do fluctuating economic fortunes also have negative effects on children?
Often it seems that the rules change to suit whatever the economic situation demands, particularly the demand for labour and the level of unemployment.
As with any major environmental decision, this calls for more than economic criteria.
Such description covers times of economic boom and bust on both sides of the border.
The section on economic development issues is especially truncated in terms of the specific issues it addresses.
In second place, the economic changes were guided by certain political objectives.
Attention is not given to the fact that the majority of the economic group had political experience.
In any case, the relationship between macro-economic management and social policy itself is a complex issue.
The pension funds associations claim that changes in legislation are needed in order to increase their contribution to the process of economic development.
The inability or unwillingness of government to reinin fiscal deficits has often triggered currency crisis and economic meltdowns.
Given the economic instability, why is business consistently optimistic?
His approach also allows adjustment to vary over time and provides a consistent overview of the entire economic system.
In the 1950s and 1960s the penchant was for models of industrialisation, import substitution and programme to eliminate economic dependency.
However, diminished economic growth during this period is equally likely.
Towards 1753, once there was some economic growth, the share of mining remains at 10.9 per cent.
Relatedly, the economic model cannot explain why the defendant's liability is equivalent to the plaintiff's loss.
There is a vast literature in the field of economic history and development economics that supports this argument.
How, for example, do leaders assess the trade-off between economic risk and political risk ?
Economic liberalisation and political transformation both generate trends toward a decentralised organisation of societal transactions.
The orientation toward the economisation of foreign policies - geared toward market-driven integration into the world economy - has prioritised economic interests.
The most important papers on this subject confirm substantial gains in terms of higher trade and other economic parameters.
Conversely, by increasing population, inoculation would bring economic benefits.
Another notion central to economic theory is that of patient choice.
However, these demands of economic management encouraged rather than diverted the efforts at tax reform which are the concern of this paper.
Finally, the political and economic upheaval undermined many of the principles the reformers stood for.
A certain degree of centralized economic planning had been legitimated by the experience of war planning.
The whole system was thus counterproductive because it undermined financial responsibility within departments without achieving any strategic economic gains.
The only variables not associated with environmental performance in the multivariate models are per capita economic growth and nuclear power.
The approach taken with respect to system satisfaction posits that economic developments are important and that the popularity of government itself contributes as well.
The attitude of voters towards various other economic variables is more debatable, and so these will be ignored for now.
The theory predicts that elections are called in advance of economic declines.
As economic conditions change, governments in majoritarian systems can move directly and rapidly to alter policy.
Overall this article tests deductively derived predictions about the relationships between the timing of elections, economic performance and electoral outcomes.
A month of economic conditions can be equivalently coded as about thirty days with identical conditions.
However, subjective economic evaluations and other factors have also had significant effects on support for the party and its leader.
In other words, even if governments, forced by external factors, tend to run similar macroeconomic policies, they are likely to pursue divergent supply-side economic strategies.
Particularly important in this regard is a state's economic size.
Secondly, a distinction is made between types of political instability, because different kinds of government change have different effects on economic growth and democracy.
As to the socio-economic variables, they seem to play a major role.
Recently, some analysts have augmented this specification with measures of voters' subjective evaluations of national and personal economic conditions.
The empirical results indicate that democracy has a significant and positive effect on economic growth by inhibiting regime interruption and enhancing system adjustability.
Over this period economic progress could well fall behind population expansion.
They have to do, in general, with the influences of social, economic and demographic factors on the prevalence or incidence of mental disorder.
They are unable to overcome questions that have dogged other class-based approaches to economic development.
Since the onset of the economic crisis in the late 1980s, many of the rural cooperatives have ceased to function.
The country's decline into chaos and conflict is seen as symptomatic of a widespread inability in the continent to sustain imposed economic and political reforms.
The ecological and economic impacts of an introduced species are a direct result of its ecological success.
Such measures can be locally effective, but require sustained input, generally in the form of both economic support and ongoing education of local inhabitants.
Despite the economic importance of sea lice, comparatively little is known about the nature of their host-parasite relationship.
In economic terms, sustainability may be conceptualized as the capacity to continue without (continuing) subsidy.
Individuals perceive taxes as lump-sum when taking economic decisions.
In the face of adverse demographic and economic trends, cash deficits may occur.
Much of economic theory implies that the rational decision maker is an expert.
The rules may have impact on the economic value of the stakes of the cohorts.
The pension fund faces the following economic variables.
As economic and demographic patterns change, the new value of the contribution flow can be estimated.
Secondly, endemic stability is an economic concept that incorporates risk management and loss thresholds.
Infection with these parasites is a source of considerable economic loss to the horse industry.
How can central government bring policy closer to economic rationalism?
The party's overarching ideology rested on the belief that working-class people were entitled to a stable economic foundation.
To promote garden production in the country, further research is needed, for example, on the ecological and economic compatibility of different garden plants and species.
The measure of economic similarity is the mean of these four coefficients.
No policy solution can address all of the social, economic and environmental issues that are relevant to the problem at hand.
The economic data seeks to capture different types of capitalism rather than different levels of performance.
They may be interested in other economic variables, such as public deficits or performance at the firm level.
First, regulatory competition among countries presupposes economic competition among them, that is, the existence of a common market or a free trade regime.
Thus, the independent variables are economic integration for the regulatory competition hypotheses, and institutional integration for the regulatory cooperation hypotheses.
The impact of trade measures through preferences is less obvious when trade restrictions are primarily seen as economic measures.
Governments in these countries abandoned communist policies and initiated economic reforms.
In the twenty-first century perhaps the main driver of change will be economic rationalism.
A total of 33 practices were selected purposively, ensuring diversity in terms of socio-economic deprivation and geographical location.
We apply the concept of probabilistic aging with endogenous discrete skill choice to analyze the economic impact of aging during demographic transition.
Quantitative restrictions may lead to inefficient allocation of capital and hence hold back economic growth and employment.
However, public pensions in a high growth equilibrium encourage human capital investment and also economic growth, although it has a negative impact on employment.
Currently, technological developments, driven by a liberal, free market ideology, work together to create a global economic culture.
Economic analysis alongside controlled trials : an introduction for clinical researchers.
Perhaps he was too preoccupied with the more immediate political and military issues to give due attention to the economic questions.
There is also a risk that the assessment used in the current study does not mirror the actual economic situation of the household.
Experience with software collaborations highlights the main social and economic challenges.
Since 1990, deficit reduction initiatives and economic growth have reduced federal dissaving.
Increased worker productivity, in turn, leads to higher real wages and greater economic growth over the long term.
Where, for instance, did the real economic power lie?
To put it another way, economic activities should be related to the whole way of life.
Increasingly, the relations between people were simply economic exchanges.
Labour women, on the other hand, were anxious to give additional protection to a female labour force made more vulnerable by the economic recession.
British middle-class feminists diagnosed the economic problems of wage-earning women very differently.
The protective legislation debate in each country showed the influence of the different economic conditions.
Indeed, in the absence of comprehensive economic development, the impact of sanitation, footwear, and health education has been minimal.
Each group lives under a different set of material conditions, brought about by their niche in the economic hierarchy.
His "anthropological" method subsumes gender within the categories of kinship, class, economic, and linguistic structures.
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