| 词汇 | example_english_dormant |
| 释义 | Examples of dormantThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Watkins probably heard mention of these ideas, the seeds from which may have lain dormant in him for over fifty years. Infestation was also reduced by burning waste hay over the rows of willow stocks during the dormant season. The issue also energized the dormant student movement. In the case of a dormant spore or seed, the loaded molecules could remain protective indefinitely, until germination. Barrios in effect revived long dormant colonial labour drafts (known as mandamientos) to help secure plantation workers. Evidently, the events across the border were reviving dormant resentments throughout the western frontier lands. Non-dormant seeds are more responsive to these factors and germinate over a wider range of temperatures. Seeds of these two species have an underdeveloped embryo and are morphophysiologically dormant. Many seeds remained non-dormant and germinated as soils warmed during the spring months. During summer, this range became smaller again and resulted in almost completely dormant seeds in autumn. Despite the substantial phylogenetic distances among these organisms, as the meeting progressed striking similarities became apparent among the dormant and/or dry states. Seeds in deeper layers of the soil may remain dormant for several years. However, seeds of two of the taxa were dormant, and no seeds with a split seed coat were ever found. During release of primary dormancy, the sensitivity to the germination stimulant increases, until the seeds are non-dormant (maximally responsive to the germination stimulant). All analyses involving dormant seed are based on this year. The persistence times of living cells, metabolically dormant spores and organic molecule biomarkers at different depths can then be calculated. The volcano there, after being dormant for 400 years, erupted in 1995. They typically evolve to use resources quickly and produce abundant seed that is widely dispersed and remains dormant until abundant resources are again available22. Journalists often claim that focusing events concentrate attention on previously dormant issues. What is this 'something' and why is it so dormant within so-called civilized societies? Individuals may also be able to mark a system of lemmas as ' 'active' ' rather than ' 'dormant' ' on the basis of instructions. Various exercises, such as drawing her convoy, made her aware of her network of social contacts that had been dormant the last two years. In such situations, it is probable that major ideologies that were dormant in the specific society would be rediscovered and even born anew. Latent errors lie dormant in systems until conditions are right for their expression. They were removed and the remaining (dormant) seeds were used in the experiments and are referred to as seeds with primary dormancy. Seeds of all 21 seedlots of the seven species investigated are physically dormant due to a water-impermeable endocarp. Why are some seeds (non-dormant seeds) able to go through the dehydration stage of maturation and then germinate immediately? However, the dormant seeds are at a less-ready state, and may only germinate under a very specific set of conditions. A transient increase in transcript levels was also noted in non-dormant or slightly dormant cultivars. Seeds can remain dormant and not germinate even under optimum external conditions, and must pass through certain special situations before they can germinate. Untreated, shallowly dormant tree seeds only germinate slowly and over a narrow range of conditions. Seeds are conditionally dormant at maturity, and undergo annual non-dormancy/conditional dormancy cycles when buried outdoors. Non-dormant seeds were at least 50-fold more sensitive to ethylene than the dormant ones. Numbers are coded by adding 0.5 of the dormant, living and the total of seeds, averaged for the autumn, spring and summer samples. Moreover, collection of soil samples during a time when seeds are dormant eliminates confounding effects of germination flushes following collection and exposure of soil. Total number and the numbers of dormant, non-dormant, living and dead seeds significantly differed among the autumn, spring and summer samples. Total seed numbers in the soil, as well as amounts of dormant and living seeds, varied both within and among localities. However, high temperature promoted the germination of non-deeply dormant seeds. Therefore, it seems that germination conditions such as high and fluctuating temperatures and moisture strengthen the dormancy of deeply dormant seeds. The initial state of the membrane is that of a dormant, imbibed seed at low temperature (1). There may be ecological arguments that light and nitrate are the signals that initiate the germination process of perceptive (non-dormant) seeds. Conditional dormancy is induced in late spring/summer, and then during the second late autumn/winter period after dispersal seeds again become non-dormant. To date, studies on seeds have failed to provide an enzyme as a transitional developmental marker between the dormant and germinating states. Furthermore, the content of reducing sugars in embryos from dormant grains was about half of that from non-dormant grains. The seeds are surrounded by the pericarp and sepals and do not become dormant. No seed died during the experiment in any water level, which indicated that seeds which failed to germinate assumed a dormant state. Inside the fruiting bodies they survive as dormant myxospores. Most rests become dormant or regress but others proliferate to form hyperplastic rests. Seasonality was introduced by allowing a 'dormant' season in which the population comprised aestivating adults and propagules in diapause. In cryobiosis, the organism freezes all of the water within its cells and becomes dormant until more hospitable conditions reappear. Therefore, a dormant state of halobacteria, allowing long-term survival as well as the survival of halophilic microorganisms in extraterrestrial salt sediments, seems feasible. The dormant period is associated generally with a minimum of endogenous metabolic activity, resulting in very little loss of storage reserves. There are many other stories of cultural interaction that remain dormant in the archives. Moreover, in this sample maternal photoperiod influenced the germination only of strongly dormant seeds. Genetic variation for dormancy induction and/or maintenance, dormancy breakage and germination requirements of non-dormant seeds appears to be abundantly present in these lines. Seeds buried in deeper layers can survive in a dormant stage for several years. After 7 days, the seeds became waterimpermeable and thus were physically dormant. In tubers, enzyme activities differ between tissue from dormant tubers and tissue slices aged in vitro to induce respiration. Note that seeds are largely dormant after 48 h of dark incubation. Changes in sensitivity of conditionally dormant and of nondormant seeds also were investigated using white light. However, it is not known whether other cell cycle related events also remain suppressed in imbibed dormant seeds. A comparison of the plasma membrane protein profiles from 21-h-imbibed, untreated dormant seeds and 21-h-imbibed, ethanol-treated dormant seeds showed several differences. Paradoxically, though, these molecules can inhibit the germination of some non-dormant seeds. The situation of imbibed, dormant orthodox seeds and of orthodox seeds during the early stages of germination is of interest. The remaining species, which do not germinate regardless of the dry after-ripening treatment of the seeds and smoke treatment, are termed 'deeply dormant'. After prolonged dark incubation of over 1 month, dormant seeds hardly showed any sign of cell cycle activity. The remaining seeds (21%) were viable but dormant. Non-dormant seeds (94% germination) disappeared rapidly from the soil seed bank. The seeds have the ability to go dormant, but this status is held only for a short period of time. In the case of a persistent soil seed bank, a portion of the seeds remains dormant in the soil for more than 1 year. In fact, the reverse situation took place in fully dormant seeds (0 weeks of prechilling), where the transcript declined upon drying. Comparing dormant seeds with seeds from the same batch that received a cold-treatment to break dormancy, showed higher concentrations in the latter. All bioassays were performed with water and smoke controls to monitor the seed behaviour (dormant/non-dormant). Freshly harvested seeds were more or less dormant at the start of the experiment; dormancy was relieved during winter and re-induced during summer. Following our reasoning, however, light is required to stimulate germination of non-dormant, light-requiring seeds. Eliminating even one of the deleterious factors could allow the restoration of function of dormant cells. Finally, deeply dormant seeds that lack the cold stratification response will emerge late. The majority of large trees (63%) have nondormant seeds, and the majority of mid-size trees have dormant seeds (65%). The large number of non-dormant or weakly dormant recombinants suggests that dormancy induction and maintenance requires the coordinated action of multiple genes. Secondly, periods that are favourable for germination (seeds non-dormant) are offset by c. 0.5 year with the cut-off criteria. To simplify the diagram, the conditionally dormant state is not included. Under constant temperature conditions for afterripening, a deeply dormant population can be afterripened until it becomes partially dormant and subjected to hydrotime analysis. In these seeds, only physiological dormancy can cycle between completely dormant and non-dormant, while relief of morphological dormancy is an irreversible process. The proportion of living seeds corresponds to the proportions of non-dormant and dormant seeds. Seeds of several species included in the book are non-dormant (or nearly so), and thus no recommendation for their pretreatment is made. Another interesting result of the present study was that germination conditions reinforced the dormancy of deeply dormant seeds, making them less sensitive to stratification. The reasons for smoke-induced germination of other physically dormant seeds have not been adequately explained and require further investigation. The effect of dehydration on protein phosphorylation in extracts of isolated embryos from dormant grains was determined. Germination occurred in after-ripened, isolated embryos, but not in the dormant isolated embryos, by 24 h imbibition. Our results, showing that protein phosphorylation decreases upon imbibition of dormant embryos, suggest the importance of regulatory mechanisms during early imbibition. Thus, for at least the wood-occupying seedlings we assume that they originate from fruiting trees and not from dormant seeds in the soil. The rest remain 'developmentally dormant' in ovarian tissue and finally became degenerated via apoptosis. The other aspect is that seed dormancy is a dynamic phenomenon that could move in both directions along the dormant -non-dormant continuum. Conversations may lie dormant and unnoticed ('under the radar' of a user's active awareness), only becoming dynamic when the user chooses. In calculating this critical value of t, allowance must be made for dormant or non-growing periods when equation 11 above does not apply. How does the activation of the dormant material relate to the properties of the phenotype that appears? Therefore, searching for criteria to distinguish between microbial cells of different physiological states (including dormant forms) by direct methods is a very important task. A significant drawback of the method is that it cannot distinguish metabolically active from dormant or even dead cells. At the other extreme, there were dormant or inactive members in every partnership in the sample. As the author gracefully formulates it, ' they remain largely dormant between electoral tournaments'. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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