| 词汇 | example_english_disambiguation |
| 释义 | Examples of disambiguationThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. If the superordinate task is simply to test an automatic disambiguation system, this inequality need not be troublesome. Employing a set of ambient-light sensors on the robot does disambiguation between the two candidate orientation values. On the whole, however, these algorithms provide an effective means of nominalization disambiguation. However, it is very difficult to formalize this process of disambiguation, which is required in many applications of language technology. The underlying assumption is that domains establish semantic relations among word senses that can be profitably used during the disambiguation process. The system presented here was initially designed for the semantic disambiguation of all words in open text. Then, after several disambiguation steps, the syntactic units that appear with the verb are selected, each with its associated syntactic features. Another important step performed during the all words disambiguation task is sense propagation. Senselearner: minimally supervised word sense disambiguation for all words in open text. Subsequent error analysis of the output of both taggers points at a reoccurring problem, concerning the disambiguation of nominal words with certain prepositional prefixes. Finally, we are currently working on a disambiguation module which will rank the analyses produced by the grammar according to context-dependent criteria. Another aspect that has been considered to be exploited in this phase is that of disambiguation. Finally, when orthography is critical to intelligible synthesis, disambiguation rules may dictate orthographic form. Disambiguation can work to a significant extent without it, so including it can merely provide improvement. Of all occurrences of the 31 words, 88% used the most common disambiguation. The rule databases specify patternaction operations for lexicalization of text items, disambiguation, and phrasing. A default rule would output the most common disambiguation. Table 1 lists some varieties and applications of lexical disambiguation. Thus, word expert based disambiguation relies on the value of nearby context words for disambiguation. Sentence understanding is harder than word sense disambiguation, so more sophisticated word experts are implied. Approaches to word-sense disambiguation that rely on parallel texts exploit these differences directly to infer meaning. Second, it is not clear how to handle the more difficult problem of semantic disambiguation when augmenting the representation of a sentence. The results reflect that lexical semantic information has contributed much to fine-grained classification, even without word sense disambiguation. Introduction to the special issue on evaluating word sense disambiguation systems. Here, disambiguation is conducted mainly for the inter-cross ambiguity. The standard forced-choice paradigm used to assess the disambiguation effect does not allow a clear-cut definition of the specific motivation driving children's responses. In both studies, children were not exposed to the familiar object kinds until the disambiguation task. Each argument was further coded for the following informativeness features: person, activation, and disambiguation. If disambiguation were the result of this pragmatic assumption, then two predictions would follow. Ultimately, both of the main patterns of disambiguation found in the current study are more easily and completely explained by a word learning principles account. Importantly, neither of these findings can be easily reconciled with a pragmatic account of the disambiguation effect. Alternatively, a word learning principles account more adequately explains the changes in disambiguation across both age and condition. As a result, these findings raise serious challenges for the pragmatic account of the disambiguation effect. Instead, children should display a reliable disambiguation pattern for both types of information at the same time. Disambiguation occurred on any trial in which the disambiguation probe (either the novel word or the novel fact) was assigned to the second, unfamiliar object. First, older (five- and six-year-old) monolingual children showed the disambiguation effect considerably more often than their same-age bilingual peers. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine how both monolingual and bilingual children perform using a disambiguation test similar to that just described. Importantly, the results of the disambiguation test were not due to differences in how monolingual and bilingual children responded to the objects in general. Still, the disambiguation effect was less evident in older bilingual children's responses than in older monolingual children's responses. On the disambiguation test, the mutual exclusivity bias was significantly more evident in five- and six-year-old monolingual children than in their same-age bilingual peers. The combination of spoken language along with deictic gestures performs a critical disambiguation function. The combination of spoken language with pointing performs a critical disambiguation function. In sum, the mind-reading capacities stipulated by the socialpragmatic account of the disambiguation effect seem well in place by two years of age. As the aim of the current experiment was to investigate the participants' on-line disambiguation preferences, statistical analyses were performed only on the reaction time data. In the latter case, the informative value of activation would outrank the uninformative value of disambiguation to result in overt argument realization. The children differed from the adult controls in that their disambiguation preferences were not affected by the type of preposition (of vs. with) at all. Evidence for processes that coordinate activity is provided by neurobiological and psychological studies of contextual disambiguation and dynamic grouping. Untrained speakers' use of prosody in syntactic disambiguation and listeners' interpretations. Examples 10, 11, and 12 illustrate the coding for person, activation, and disambiguation respectively. 10. According to these analyses, two-year-olds' disambiguation of novel facts differed from three- and four-year-olds'. However, to date only one reported study has used both novel words and novel facts to examine the disambiguation effect. The sense-tagged corpus would be reused to achieve a broad coverage, high accuracy word sense disambiguation. A small number of categories allows a compact representation of the semantic knowledge base, and makes word sense disambiguation simpler. Therefore, tagging using our scheme can be significantly helpful as a first stage in full morphological disambiguation. On the other hand, the algorithm here is unable to perform word disambiguation and new word detection. The overall disambiguation accuracy achieved by our method is 88.2%, which compares favorably against the accuracies obtained by the state-of-the-art disambiguation methods. More specifically, for a given quadruple we first use two conditional probabilities estimated by our clustering method to make a disambiguation decision. Frequencies of occurrence for the different disambiguations of ambiguous words can be a significant source of baseline evidence for disambiguation. Lexical disambiguation is important and is a focus of word expert work. Note that as in standard part-of-speech disambiguation, supertag disambiguation could have been done by a parser. The different answers to these questions may result in different disambiguation efforts. The second pass involves processing of nouns, noun-verbs, disambiguation of noun implications, and disambiguation and slot-filling of prepositional expectations. When the nearest such context word was not adjacent, correct disambiguation decreased to 92-94%. Both, at least in their orthodox forms, characteristically claim to provide all the disambiguation of the world anyone could want from within their own resources. In the disambiguation context, these notions would lead children to infer that there likely is a referent for the novel word in the immediate situation. According to these analyses, children's overall tendency to disambiguate was largely explained by conditions in which a novel word was presented as the disambiguation probe. In the current study this was also the case as two-year-olds differed from three- and fouryear-olds on the disambiguation of facts. A related question is how to interpret the disambiguation effect, given preschoolers' capacity for polynomy. The disambiguation effect refers to the finding that children often point to the unfamiliar object after hearing the artificial name. In the final phase, the disambiguation test, 12 pairs of objects were created, with one familiar and one unfamiliar object in each pair. Three tests of the constraint were used : disambiguation, rejection, and restriction. None of the lexical principles argued to explain children's disambiguation responses would predict this pattern of responses. All the other three sources add noise to the representation of a question due to lack of sense disambiguation. Below, we briefly describe the optional disambiguation and chunking modules. Note that no disambiguation procedure is performed at this point. Correctness conditions are expressed as weighted constraints over acceptable structural relationships and parsing amounts to determining an optimal interpretation in a procedure of structural disambiguation. Arguably, efficiency in speed and memory during actual word-sense disambiguation is the most critical. First the context provided for disambiguation was generally shorter than the 100 words we used to build text vectors. Collectively, the paper constitutes the most comprehensive survey of evaluation measures and tests yet applied to sense disambiguation algorithms. However, under certain circumstances, this condition is violated in which case the words of related semantics are considered for disambiguation purpose. Because these usage examples show the natural examples for each headword's sense, we can acquire a useful sense disambiguation context from them. The linguistic analysis first involves a morphological cleaning process, then a disambiguation and enrichment process. A that-complementizer clearly marks the boundary between the two constituents and as such can have an important disambiguation function. Contextual disambiguation is therefore impaired in tasks that assess executive functions and in tasks that assess nonexecutive functions. Much of the research in the domain is concerned with the disambiguation of occluded shapes. Pragmatic inference contributes to explicit content - even after disambiguation and reference assignment. Correlations with the disambiguation performance must be interpreted cautiously because scores are not normally distributed. The ordered set of tests are cycled until no further disambiguations can be made. Because there were four trials, the minimum number of disambiguations for any child was zero and the maximum number was four. If several mappings are possible, the correct version has to be selected (disambiguation). Disambiguation is required to prune the selected concepts that are syntactically appropriate but semantically inappropriate. In the visual feature node, this process of disambiguation is mutual. Consider simple mistakes on the part of hearers in performing the pragmatic processes of reference assignment and disambiguation. The concern in this paper is to outline the framework within which interpretation is projected, and accordingly, all problems of disambiguation are ignored. A parser for such languages must defer disambiguation until this information is available-possibly not until the end of a script. A pragmatic account predicted disambiguation in all four conditions while a word learning principles account predicted disambiguation in the word/word and fact/word conditions. Instead, reliable disambiguation patterns for both types of information should emerge similarly. The pattern of disambiguation in the fact/word condition might initially seem surprising, as neither object had been assigned a novel word during the trial. Because disambiguation varied both as a function of age and condition these findings are presented as challenges to a pragmatic account of the disambiguation effect. First, children's disambiguation was analyzed across all ages (two-, threeand four-year-olds) and conditions (word/word, word/fact, fact/word and fact/fact). These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。