| 词汇 | example_english_differential |
| 释义 | Examples of differentialThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. One can restrict of course to the unit bundle, that is consider normalized integrable quadratic differentials. A similar analysis is carried out for real regional wage differentials, though with more difficulty because of measurement errors in price differences. Moreover, they are consistent with evidence of wage differentials elsewhere. What is remarkable, however, is that these differentials are not greater. Also, all potential effects of fertility differentials between migrants and members of the incumbent population become immaterial. By contrast, many employers today prefer hybrid plans, because they smooth compensation differentials by age and soften the incentives for early retirement. In the early years, there was little credit arbitrage between different bond markets, and swaps were used to take advantage of the interest-rate differentials. The slight increase in the capital stock induces a rise of wage differentials. Although commuters from the same suburb face similar time and comfort differentials between various modes, they do not all choose the same mode. He says floating rates will very nicely equilibrate for inflationary differentials, structural differences, and the business cycle. The paper shows that these relations do not fit the ' partnership' model of donor discourse, but rather involve competition for influence based on power differentials. Careful analysis reveals, however, subtle but important distinctions between the findings produced from the two sets of data, especially on rural and urban differentials. Increases granted as percentages on the prevailing rates only served to accentuate the wage differentials between occupations and the disparities between mills. The age differentials for women are remarkably clear, but both age and gender differentials in old age are narrowing. Such distortions may have nothing to do with ' selfish ' behaviour, but may be caused by mutation accumulation causing fitness differentials. However, these country differentials are not repeated if waiting times are calculated directly from actual fertility experience (median birth intervals). Another way of examining religious fertility differentials is by the distribution by parity. No doubt this is because, with the reduction in fertility of the past century, the observed differentials appear less striking and seem less significant. Clearly we have to look elsewhere for the major part of the explanation of the differentials. The ratios show that, even if we make comparisons for the same duration of marriage, the differentials remain. One reason for the absence of fertility differentials by place and socioeconomic background may be that the demand for children is so low. In general, these findings indicate that household environment differentials in urban mortality increase in size with increasing age of child. The estimated differentials between arbitrage prices and the futures price demonstrate the model's capacity to capture the characteristics of the markets. Studies of mortality differentials also suggest an association between health and household type. The extent of urban segregation in 1837 is indicated in the large valuation differentials of rateable value across the city. We view this model as appropriate in that pension fund assets' impact on output might show marked differentials across countries. Second, we evaluate competing explanations about how income differentials among elites may change as a result of market reforms. Transposing health gradients into health gaps captures the magnitude of socioeconomic differentials; it supports, too, the setting of targets and the targeting of resources. Are their artistic pretensions a reflection of their gentle connections, or are there other significant differentials at work? Second, the contributors illustrate that the underpinnings of the migration process are more complex than wage differentials, economic crises, or demands for cheap labor. Reproductive rates will decline further as a consequence of inbreeding in small populations, further lowering selection differentials. The national wage labour board isolated southern industry by banning wage differentials on race ; as a result, southern black wages rose. The creation of such dose differentials is based on phenotypic differences between the tumour and the rest of the body. Consequently, quadratic differentials are sometimes referred to as translation surfaces or flat structures with parallel line fields. Yasumoto's final chapter, or rather essay, explores the issue of class differentials in housing and demographic experience in the mid-nineteenth century. Of course, this gap does not directly reflect differentials of service provision among prefectures. An analysis of the data for other years suggests that the pattern of regional wage differentials has been stable over time. There is a sharing of information and options on a variety of health related issues and a reduction of power differentials between providers and clients. At this point in time, it is too early to tell to what extent inflation differentials will constitute a policy problem in the euro area. The policy tolerates significant performance differentials and attempts to normalise the distribution. Meanwhile, measurement error on our dependent variable (attitude differentials) or on other independent variables could distort our results in ways we have not anticipated. The proposals effectively increase contributions and are likely to produce greater pension differentials for higher and lower income groups. Likewise, famine mortality differentials by region, to look for differences in the severity of food shortage by localities, was an important aspect of this study. Variation in resources and their allocation to reproduction is important in understanding differentials in measures of fertility. To study the fertility differentials, therefore, these factors should either be kept constant or be randomized so that their effect can be separated out. To our advantage, these models allow for estimation of total income differentials as well as of net income differentials of other variables. Looking at the distribution of deaths by year also gives a more efficient picture of famine mortality differentials by age. Doubling the weight differentials like this improved the predictions to 76 of 94 (81%) correct. Limiting our sample in this way should in part control for the wage differentials offered by nonpension firms. Among the possible trade-offs are differences in the level of early retirement benefits, and non-pension benefits, and cost-of living differentials among different cities. The expected return differentials between low- and high-output growth rates also increase as individuals' degree of risk aversion increases. If inflation differentials or forward premia are covariance-stationary, then one would expect nominal interest rates for several countries to be cointegrated. The possibility of individuals arbitraging away price differentials between the two countries is ruled out. Drug delivery and targeting strategies modulate the distribution profile of a drug in order to create such exposure differentials between target cells and healthy tissues. The comparison of their occupations and wages indicates the extent of earning differentials between men and women. Although tax differentials can be easily implemented, most of the countries in the region decrease tax on old cars due to equity concerns. The analysis of the event into event differentials by no means abrogates this problem of whole units of action. The same general relationship is apparent in mortality differentials among females but is less marked. They warn that the term 'inclusive research' may be used to mask, and thus perpetuate, real power differentials between disabled and non-disabled researchers. On the other hand, average phrase length is shor ter in spoken data, and the number of sequences with small word differentials is correspondingly larger. Melles also points to power differentials exploited among teachers in negotiating 'eclectic' approaches to curriculum work which can lead to lack of coherence and quality. Wage differentials depend on perceptions of social responsibility. A substantial body of evidence indicates that perceptions of the service supplied and institutional structure in which they are supplied explain compensated wage differentials. Nevertheless, in this field of research, the literature has ignored an important stylized fact of the labor market, namely, the existence of wage differentials. A lot of factors can explain these wage differentials, such as the size of the firms, the gender, or the union rate. In effect, wealth constraints (entry cost) create rents, which shows up as income differentials. As the distribution of wealth evolves, so do the occupational composition of population and income differentials, generating the dynamics of growth with changing inequality. Actual wage variations, however, went beyond these federally designed differentials. The total cost differentials over the 12-month period can be obtained by adding up the incremental costs figures over the three epochs. In a world of inflation targeting, the first 'evil' is represented by inflation differentials between different regions of the common currency area. There is no clear direct empirical evidence on the effect of wage differentials on the extensive education decision. The differentials in participation rates are particularly large for women. Traditionally, it was difficult for architectural practice to set up a true geographic division of labour in order to take advantage of wage differentials. The cultural differentials among older women suggest attempts to limit family size. Despite the persistence of culture-based differentials of mortality, changes are apparent by 1900, in age at marriage, vaccination, childspacing and marital fertility. Moreover, wage differentials by gender persisted, and legislation between 1936 and 1960 did not reduce them. A significant proportion of the class differentials ... has been shown to be a product of the distribution of classes over different environments. However, we expect that the allocated relationships may blur differentials between population subgroups to some extent. The argument of this paper is that reactions to such displacements reveal sharp differentials among older people. Equally, there are likely to be significant differentials in terms of pre-retirement socio-economic class and retirement income. As an alternative, it is possible to combine differentials through t h e introduction of additional multi-step administration steps. Such differentials are correlated with or are an expression of ageing in contrasting ways. Such differentials in performance were, however, also found in a very wide range of private sector industries, for example, in manufacturing. Nevertheless, the distributions of values of personal estates do demonstrate the wide differentials possible in the same trade. Institutions in the rural sector that impact migrant behaviour basically through their effect on rural-urban income differentials have, however, received little attention. In the same vein, some studies examined the genesis of the expected income differentials between rural and urban areas that resulted in migration. Where this is so, the structure of housing rents and prices will reflect these differentials. The study also considers the earning differentials between men and women and the different types of contracts offered to male and female workers. A second factor that explains the wage differentials was the training opportunities that were available to men but which excluded women. There may be a number of differentials affecting this result however. Even greater differentials were found for support with personal problems and having a confidant. Psychological differentials, which are used to describe the gradient extent of psychological factors, are used as the psychological state descriptions in this study. There will exist no inflation rate differentials which could justify exchange rate changes, if they were available. Almost the same gender differentials were found for the preferred retirement age. Research in social epidemiology and medical sociology has consistently shown socio-economic differentials in health in general populations. The two youngest five-year age groups displayed the greatest gender differentials, but after 70 years of age, the differences were much less. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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