| 词汇 | example_english_decode |
| 释义 | Examples of decodeThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. In other words, the patient has successfully ' decoded ' his interlocutor's unstated intentions. In the genetic algorithm application, rules are represented by binary strings that are decoded and normalized to give real-number values of savings and portfolio fractions. The role of phonological representation in decoding skills of young readers. First, each string is decoded to determine its forecast rule. If only bursting responses were decoded, for instance, this would be likely to bias coding in the direction of localism. The single-sample t test was used to analyze standard phoneme decoding errors and standard syllabic structure errors. The relations between children's reading comprehension, working memory, language skills and components of reading decoding in a normal sample. A subsequent stage of graphic-phonological decoding brings on a truly productive capability in reading. The concurrent development of spelling and decoding in two different orthographies. A comparison of phonological skills in children with reading comprehension difficulties and children with decoding difficulties. 437 associated with mutation and crossover site probability plus the elimination of decoding 0scaling problems. The value contained within a gene is first decoded then preprocessed to produce the value of the parameter. In other words, those children who were shown to have difficulty isolating standard phonemes from final postvocalic positions also had trouble decoding these phonemes. The subjects' decoding performance was recorded and responses were transcribed. The review considers the variety of approaches in the field, from iconographical decoding to political history to the application of psychoanalysis to a national culture. The information to be communicated is coded in a message, which is then sent and decoded by the receiver. When in decoding mode, such information derives from word strings recognized in the input. Females are generally better at decoding nonverbal cues, and therefore better at recognising emotions. When a sufficiently large number of meanings have been decoded, scientists can predict some signs that nature has not yet uncovered. We define it in this way so as to have a fixed set of error vectors for which decoding fails. Thus, the older the learner, the more memory load would be imposed by decoding the surface form, even outside of the supposed critical period. Decoding the written form is easier than decoding the phonological form and imposes less of a processing load. Other studies have used reading tests that include nonwords to examine children's decoding accuracy. Beginners need some decoding skills to read words by analogy. In addition, children can pass traditional comprehension tasks by decoding only some of the words. Table 4 depicts the results, which are consistent with the view that the naming-comprehension correlation is no longer significant with decoding partialed out. A comparison of reading comprehension and decoding difficulties in children. We shall write coded (respectively, decoded) -term as shorthand for coded (respectively, decoded) translation of a -term. Ambisonics encoding attempts to preserve spatial information, and this information is decoded over a chosen loudspeaker array. Lear ners were tested for the effects of exact repetition and speech rate reduction on comprehension, acquisition of decoding strateg ies and linguistic features. A comparison of phonological skills in children with reading- comprehension difficulties and children with decoding difficulties. The result is compared with the original sentence and checked for discrepancies, which may arise either from user typing errors, or from system decoding errors. Members of the group are also exploring the relationship between decoding ability and motivation. According to this translation strategy the source language utterance is decoded until a non-linguistic meaning is abstracted, via phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical semantic analysis. Under this framework, our study examines how various skills used in decoding and encoding language become automatic and how memory interacts with comprehension and production. We expect such plasticity also in the visual system to facilitate successful decoding with a retina implant. Further optimization of sensing techniques will no doubt improve the efficiency, and reliability of decoding volition. In other psycholinguistic experiments, these factors have been shown to influence how speech is decoded. The data is stored in binary, which is then decoded and played back. Subsequently, as reading proficiency increases, single grapheme-phoneme decoding appears to be augmented by processing of larger multigrapheme units. In this case there is no need for decoding or binding. Second, the scheme should allow output from the ar tificial nodes to be decoded into a solution of the problem. By decoding the nodes within each cluster back to the performance evaluation space, a mapping between the two spaces is achieved. Tasks included measures of word reading, decoding, phonological awareness, verbal and spatial memory, rapid naming, semantic fluency, sound discrimination, listening comprehension and non-verbal reasoning. The development of decoding accuracy in regularly spelled languages is a rapid and all-or-nothing process. A total of 15 poor comprehenders and 15 normal readers, matched for decoding skill, chronological age, and nonverbal ability, participated in this experiment. With this kind of annunciation, listeners are likely to put much of their effort into merely decoding the false emphases and elisions. The second half of the chapter examines psycholinguistics and focuses on processing, encoding, and decoding to illustrate the nature of this ®eld. A central aim of these exercises is to increase skills in decoding emotion signals or recognizing emotion expressions. More important, a comparison of empirical data on grammatical encoding (formulating) and decoding (parsing) suggests that these processes operate on very similar principles. The same item could yield more than one type of decoding error. Next, the paired-sample t test was used to compare standard phoneme versus standard syllabic structure decoding errors. Coding and decoding abilities relate to the mastery of the essentials of the written language code itself. In matrixing systems, the soundscape is encoded analogically to a few audio channels and then decoded to more-or-less defined loudspeaker configurations. The authors suggest some hypotheses for modelling in the design of a computer-based readingdecoding tutor and for training human tutors who teach decoding. The place theory suggests that spectral information is decoded via the basilar membrane locations of the neurons that fire most. I use the terms coding and decoding here, and indeed, such text entry tasks can be regarded as encoding/decoding tasks comparable to text compression. Can particular decisions actually be decoded in this way, though? Finally, decoders are annihilated by their duals when a generalised sharing has been completely decoded. The progress made by young-beginner learners in decoding a second language. If one side builds decoding apparatus, then the other will come up with scramblers. A lack in decoding skill leads to difficulties with texts when the orthographic complexity increases. They seem to provide clear evidence that it is learning the skill of decoding an alphabetic script that produces these changes in cognitive processing. Thus, our aim is to determine the existence (and the conditions of existence) of decoding processes during silent reading in deaf children. On these structures, the extra load caused by decoding could push them over the edge. Recent scholarly interest also is concerned with decoding the specific functions of the groups that include such features. He goes on to argue that the visual system must use decoding principles to recover information about space perception. First grade subjects received three pseudoword decoding error scores that corresponded to the number of errors of each type that they had made. Electrophysiological and lesion studies suggest that the primate orbitofrontal cortex decodes the reward value of stimuli, and rapidly learns (and relearns) associations between stimuli. Relationships between word decoding speed, general name-retrieval ability, and reading progress in first-grade children. Our tests not only measured these two desirable abilities (decoding and comprehension), but also demonstrated external validity. Other researchers have used word reading tasks to distinguish children who are decoding words from those who are decoding and understanding words. The inverse operation, that is decoding, is called name demangling. Then, visual feedback is sometimes used to show how the gesture analysis algorithm has decoded the information emitted by the transducer. The nature of these sonic reflections - or filtrates - provides us with information from which the quite specific nature of the 3space environment can be decoded. The set of decoding rules is not complete yet since the linker part of an abstraction must be decoded too. Official histories are decoded as maintaining an underlying hierarchy of white-mestizo men over women and weaker men. Finally, after decoding, the constraints have to be activated again in order to solve them together with the already present constraints. Once the command is successfully generated and the system decodes it, a graphical representation of the manipulative operation is shown. An assessment of decoding skills, practice items, and the first group of experimental sentences (assessing principles of control and binding) were administered in the initial session. To overcome this limitation, the present study examined the syntactic awareness skills of groups of children who differed in reading comprehension but not in decoding skills. We investigated the nature of syntactic awareness skills in children with reading and language comprehension deficits compared with normally developing children, matched for age, nonverbal ability, and decoding skills. Secondly, the constraint identifiers have to be replaced by fresh ones during decoding, as multiple calls would otherwise create multiple copies of the same constraints all with identical identifiers. 132 of decoding the entire codeword. They are reduced by connecting the (coded) argument to the linker part of the (decoded) abstraction and the (decoded) body of the abstraction to the result of the (decoded) application. In contrast, decoding ability developed separately for each language as a function of proficiency and instruction in that language and did not transfer to the other language. The outcome is a difficult monologue which, once decoded, yields surprising rewards. She goes on to discuss, among other things, the interplay between reading decoding skills and the ability to comprehend language. As a result, he represents an extraordinarily complex specimen of the early modern man, the meaning of whose existence can be decoded only with difficulty. The definitions used are based on the properties of the stimulus, which is what is decoded by the brain. However, a single syntactic processor can accomplish self-monitoring by switching between encoding and decoding modes ("timesharing"). Tests of face-(and also voice-) expression decoding were included, because these are ways in which the reinforcing quality of individuals is often indicated. The use of schemes has led to an over-emphasis on the skill of decoding words. The genetic information carries an important part of the blueprint of the organism, which is decoded through the ontogeny process. Although decoding ability is often taken for granted in formal learning-theoretic discussions, how it could be psychologically implemented is rarely spelled out. Increasing vocabulary size improves decoding accuracy but increases the language model size and consequently decoding time. Messages are decoded in relation to our own sound experiences. While proteins have adapted to do the latter, organisms have no way of decoding the information they store. However, this decoding depends on a simultaneous appreciation of martyrdom as a radical act which transgresses, even obliterates, key boundaries. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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