| 词汇 | example_english_crop |
| 释义 | Examples of cropThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The first is an introduction to vegetable crops and diseases where the general background to pathogens and their significance to vegetable production are considered. The implications of restricting use of fertilizer nitrogen for the productivity of arable crops, their profitability and potential pollution by nitrate. The effect of cropping sequences and rotational management : an economic comparison of conventional, integrated and organic systems. Interestingly non-adopters reported a much greater (but not statistically significant) level of income from non-cotton crops compared to adopters. 0.75), being 0.139 and 0.135 t/ha per year for rain-fed and irrigated crops, respectively. Grasslands also improve organic matter, utilized by crops and a range of plants used as medicines. Second, intensification of food crops often leads to the release of land, water and labour resources for on-farm diversification. At medium intensity or cropping this system is thus recommendable to land-constrained poor farmers who do not use external inputs such as fertilizer. However, in the present experiments, differences in egg-to-larva mortalities between cropping patterns were not significant. Raw materials, for example, can be located far away, or crops may not grow in certain climates or seasons. Indeed, in most cases, major crops were divided in half, but with a lot of exceptions. Collection sites refer to: 1, intensive crops; 2, gardens or natural habitat; n. t., not tested. However, it is less likely to benefit crops such as sunflower and cotton that have been shown to be as attractive to ovipositing females. The implications of the results of this study for biological control in ornamental crops are discussed. Large numbers on the crops do not in themselves account for the peaks in flight activity shown on certain days and dates. The growing of crops took more than one pair of hands, as did the harvesting and marketing. In addition, adult pasture spittlebugs sometimes cause severe damage to adjoining grain crops. Average yields for these crops are 1.18, 0.97, and 1.26 t/ha. While the potential for these environmental benefits from transgenic crops is real, it is as yet unrealized. Positive significant shares of soybeans, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, and fruits18 suggest higher pesticide usage on most of the major cash crops for export. Farmers in the area grow a wide range of crops but major crops include wheat, barley, and horse beans. Commercial success in these crops, and introduction of new corn varieties, precipitated steady land-use intensification. Within agriculture, persistent labor abundance has favored annual crops, which are relatively labor intensive, and vegetables in particular. Planting-stage labour income is secure, even if crops fail. The model examines the net revenue per hectare of the four most important crops in the country. If climate change alters supplies of individual crops, prices are likely to change. The six big multinationals3 have a very large market share for seeds of certain crops. As a result, they cannot consider the impact of cropping activities on the natural processes that support fertility recovery. If the tank had little water, they would avoid operations demanding more water, even go for drier crops in certain parts. Households reduced the production of other crops, with the largest reductions in sorghum and maize production. In the second step, information on the technical relationship between specific crops and resource use is used to link household economic behaviour to the environment. Most food and industrial crops, however, do not accumulate betaines. Total and relative plant populations of crops and trees were identical in all plots, but plant spacings of components varied between treatments. Yield increases over two years with pigeonpea were highest among all evaluated cropping systems for maize (+150%) and signi®cant for cassava (+66%). Neither browsing of trees by animals nor the eects of the hedges on other cropping activities were important problems for the farmers. The fresh weight of crops in each sub-plot was recorded. Through the 1970s and 1980s, a cropping/far ming systems approach was added to the research agenda, including research on optimum rotations and cover crops. Research on genetic improvement and on related agronomic practices continued for the mandate crops. In both crops, minimum tillage increased grain yields, compared with conventional, but zero tillage resulted in reduced yields. The diverse mix of crops that loosely define horticulture is reflected in the collection of 15 chapters that make up this book. Minimizing labour requirements must also be considered, taking into account peak labour needs of other crops in the system. At most sites wheat was planted in the same paddocks to follow the monitored chickpea crops. Blends and component cultivars had similar net returns under all cropping systems tested. The average of cropping systems demonstrated the same pattern of net return. The economic analysis was based on estimates of the costs and returns of each cropping system. However, some bene®cial residual eect of pigeonpea seemed to be noticeable on the yield of both crops in the second year. Each year, several lines were replaced by new good lines if the crops did not perform well. The authors explore the issues and linkages that associate transgenic crops with the environment. On the other hand, highervalue crops are less water intensive than cereals. The third theme explores whether transgenic crops are necessary for the production of wildlife habitat and wilderness, and to feed the world's population. The benefit ranges from 11 per cent to 122 per cent of the current net revenue of the crops included in this model. Secondary crops are of both economic and biological interest. Decreasing returns to scale imply the existence of some other fixed factor of production, besides land, that must be allocated between crops. However, there is a difference in the response for annuals and perennials crops. Because firewood grows all year round, the trees will replace both the summer and winter crops. Table 2 shows the total net revenues of the districts by the production of four crops stated above. According to the rainfall pattern and the needs of the growing crops, the villagers can use the water when needed. The statistical analysis shows that increased agricultural output prices, in particular for annual crops, is a major factor behind agricultural expansion. Export crops are cotton, sisal, coffee, tea, tobacco, and pyrethrum. The livestock element has tended to be viewed by scientists as an adjunct to crops, to which it contributes manure and draught power. In some countries a 'fully fledged system' may not be appropriate, cost effective or exist for some crops. The area of minor and alternative crops is a neglected one and the book covers a wide range of alternative crops and their characteristics. The farmers were aware of the impact of weeds on their crops. The authors demonstrate that they have extensive practical experience in organic growing of alternative crops under temperate climatic conditions. With such a short season, crops would never recover from this poor start. An insight into the extensive nature of such introgression is given for twelve different crops. A new concern is the potential for liability claims associated with unwanted transgenes in local crops. There is, however, a need to improve relay cropping management strategies. However, trees compete with crops, and the net result is therefore dicult to predict, and will vary with site and year. Farms are small, cropping intensity is high and the extent of mechanization is low but increasing. The same rates of fertilizer were used at planting and after harvest for both cropping cycles. Evaluation of the characteristics of 14 cover crops used in a soil rehabilitation trial. Values are means for two summer cropping seasons, 1989 and 1990. Measurement and prediction of -owering in annual crops. The allocation, in this edition, of common names of diseases such as blight and canker to their respective host crops is valuable. Final germination percentage was not signi®cantly aected by priming in any of the crops tested. Of particular value to farmers was the eect of priming on earliness because shorter duration crops can often avoid drought. Reasons for abandoning the trial included sickness of the farmer and the desire to grow crops other than maize at the experimental site. All comments concern primed crops relative to non-primed and refer to all crops tested unless speci®ed. To minimize farmer eects, only crops exposed to similar agronomic practices were included. Biotechnology in the developing world: a case for increased investments in orphan crops. Many lawful permanent resident farmworkers enter the migrant stream and travel from state to state following the growing and harvesting demands for various crops. Good crops were raised by this labour-intensive form of cultivation. However, this technique was better accepted on poorer lands where food crops were less attractive relative to fuelwood. To date, successful experiments have been carried out on rice and tomato to produce hybrids, but no such crops are available on a commercial basis. Many of the fodder crops are sold to the hill farmers and some are used to fatten the lambs. The farmers know that normally their crops of barley and wheat will ripen. Why do the farmers normally leave the floodplain fields in permanent grass rather than rotating crops on them? Now they use them for arable cash crops and special market garden crops. Derived from satellite imagery at comparatively low resolution, predicted yields for different crops in different nation states become of commercial value. Our estimate assumes that crops are evenly mixed between relatively sensitive and relatively insensitive varieties. Nitrogen is the limiting factor for most food crops. The area used to raise crops and livestock in the country reached a maximum around 1920. The major limiting factor is the drainage conditions for upland crops, the area near the canal being the most suitable for these crops. Both the empirical and simulation models indicate that price variability reduces the incentive to diversify into tree crops. They accounted for 51 per cent of the decline in degraded pasture and 70 per cent of the decline in area under annual crops. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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