| 词汇 | example_english_countercyclical |
| 释义 | Examples of countercyclicalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The study also reveals that stock prices implied in the economies with short-sale constraints exhibit countercyclical movements. We can see that, in general, all variables except government spending and net exports are countercyclical with respect to markups. The present formulation thus considers separately the elasticity effect and investigates its importance for countercyclical markups in isolation. Second, leisure is highly countercyclical in all countries and home hours are countercyclical in all countries. Leisure and home hours are both countercyclical at all leads and lags. The third optimality condition contains the essence for why the model with good-specific subsistence points provides a theory of countercyclical markups. As a result, the incentive to use advance notice would be countercyclical since the probability that workers quit falls during recession. Therefore, in world 2, the exit effect also tends to make v countercyclical. On the other hand, public employment could also be construed as countercyclical spending. The countercyclical stock-price movements also are found to increase as agents become more risk averse. In other words, the expected returns are countercyclical. The procyclicality of the price elasticity of demand is the basic element driving the result that in equilibrium markups are countercyclical. This clearly shows that the countercyclical stock-price movement is related to the presence of the constraint. A negative shock induces a drop of output which, however, can be counteracted by countercyclical monetary and fiscal policies. In fact, under preference shocks, the model's only success is its ability to generate a countercyclical inventory-to-sales ratio. Stock prices are found to be countercyclical and the expected stock returns are procyclical. All of the coefficients are now quite lower and in line with the data, with the only exception of consumption that is still countercyclical. In this case, total public disbursements also follow a countercyclical path because of the unemployment benefits effect. Imports are more countercyclical than exports and therefore net exports are procyclical. This model generates a variability of inventory investment actually exceeding that in the data, total production more variable than sales, and a countercyclical inventory-to-sales ratio. If prices or wages are preset, however, optimal policies, and, notably, the fiscal part, become activist and countercyclical. These countercyclical stock-price movements are shown to be related to the imposition of a short-sale constraint. Finally, the inventory-to-sales ratio becomes strongly countercyclical, and there is a weak positive correlation between final sales and net inventory investment. The ratio of market consumption to output is countercyclical in the data. While the stock prices are countercyclical, the expected stock returns implied by the model are procyclical. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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