| 词汇 | example_english_correspondence |
| 释义 | Examples of correspondenceThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. To find new anchors, we combine these statistical word correspondences with the word correspondences in a bilingual dictionary. Intuitively, the number of possible correspondences for a sentence is small near anchors, while large between the anchors. Section 3 introduces the five machines mentioned above, and section 4 studies the correspondences. Similar examples can be found in the correspondences of politically active families, great and small, throughout the period. Where different sound changes have applied (even minor ones), careful attention to sound correspondences allows for the identification of loanwords. At issue, then, must be less straightforward correspondences, correspondences of non-identity. We can also find these correspondences in other characteristics of sound, for example in intensities. The authors established that for three correspondences, up to eight solutions may be found. Languages are also characterised by contextually predictable correspondences between sounds in morphologically related forms. The phonological theory explains dyslexia by a deficit in phonological awareness which would affect the build-up of graphemephoneme correspondences. The second operation deals with stochastic word correspondences which are highly confident and in many cases involve domain specific keywords. Symmetries are given by all correspondences acting on that part. However, abstract correspondences are sometimes more difficult to handle than the concrete ones. Non-rhyme correspondences occur in one or two places. Once cognate developments are eliminated, lexical correspondences between two languages are far less likely to be due to convergent processes than syntactic correspondences. The phonological correspondences of in this position are thus complex; she has got them seriously muddled. Linguists objected that it was inappropriate to search for such simple, direct correspondences between the abstract characteristics of language and observable behavior and brain activity. Furthermore, it is also known that the phonological correspondences established early in development are less vulnerable to neurological accident than those established later. Few unquestionable correspondences emerge and those that do are not by any means clear cut. One-to-one correspondences are constructed by attaching a body part to each counted object. The correspondences between ideology and experience seem to have been historically situated. In the body unit, the grapheme-phoneme correspondences have a highly consistent one-to-one relationship. Early in the first school year, performance was sensitive only to the length of the segment, suggesting involvement of grapheme- phoneme correspondences. Although word correspondences acquired by this step are sometimes false translations of each other, these words appear in corresponding sentences with high probability. All the fillers had complex phoneme-letter relationships to prompt participants to consider responses other than one-to-one correspondences. Intuitively, true correspondences are close to diagonal linking of the two anchors. The expression rules themselves do not introduce or realize 'zeros'; and 'mutations' are interpreted as correspondences between base and derived/inflected form. Although at first sight this may seem artificial, we see that such matings arise in a very natural context, that of holomorphic correspondences. The correspondences will hold only up to a point. Given the correspondences between the two accounts, it may be impossible to distinguish them empirically. One route decomposes written words into their component graphemes and constructs a pronunciation via a system of grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences. When both kinds of correspondences exist, it is implausible to hold that the two worlds are equally valuable. Using a translation of a standard reading test, children can read aloud all words once they have learned the sound- letter correspondences, regardless of comprehension. Such dialectical moves produce their own correspondences, and metaphors which are unlearned rather than transferred. To begin with, words must be clustered into classes, on the basis of surface co-occurrence statistics and meaning-to-utterance correspondences. In converting from one language to another, correspondences must be established between source and target language characteristics. Operational correspondences are not adequate, but, given a mild condition on the target machine, the correspondences become adequate. By contrast, the extraction of argument structure correspondences is more successful. In fact, (d) far from projecting lexical sound-meaning correspondences, the computation destroys them. Table 2 shows that the set of correspondences between formational and meaning components is incomplete. Another interpretation of the word ' construction ' is that it refers to form-meaning correspondences, where the forms may be bigger than words. On his view, a lexical entry is a triple of phonological, syntactic and semantic features, with correspondences between them. Unfortunately, there is as yet no reasonable theory of traces which would allow one to intrinsically characterize such correspondences. We do however check that each of these correspondences is compatible with isomorphisms. The conclusion : don't rush to judgment just because the phonological correspondences don't line up regularly. Let us consider the correspondences between each input control and the controllable parameters in acoustic instruments. There is clearly a limitation in the amount of word correspondences that can be captured by statistics. The number of confident word correspondences of content words is not enough for complete alignment. The proposed method makes use of two kinds of word correspondences in aligning bilingual texts. In this section, we report the result of experiments on aligning sentences in bilingual texts and on statistically acquired word correspondences. The method, by combining two kinds of word correspondences, achieves adequate word correspondences for complete alignment. Their methods gave up aligning sentences and only acquired word correspondences. The teaching included simple phonetic and grammar rules as well as training the students in identifying similarities and correspondences in the two languages. One, however, found that it was unnerving not to have a table of correspondences to consult. I shall not try to sketch a tableau or build a system of such correspondences. We do not call anything an arithmetical activity if it is not related somehow to a technique of precisely controlling quantities by constructing such correspondences. Our proposal can be summarized as an autocalibration based on the direct estimation of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters starting from point correspondences directly. The next step in the tracking cycle is local edge detection to find matches between visible edge segments and their correspondences in the video image. If the convex hull detects two false point-pairs correspondences, then they are mutually exchanged. Specifically, constructions that may be licensed by event structure seem able to override some lexically determined restrictions on verb semantics-syntax correspondences. With at least three correspondences, the six location parameters can be recovered. Here, occlusion zones and areas with periodic texture could clearly introduce errors in the estimation of the correspondences. If these correspondences are achieved, the two z axis become automatically parallel. In the case examined here, conventional phoneme-grapheme correspondences yield a different result (g) than a letter-name strategy (h). The children's experience of particular letter-phoneme correspondences in print words was indexed by a word count. The results contradicted the interpretation that the children's pronunciation responses to isolated letters have their source in the phoneme-letter correspondences of their spelling knowledge. Now pass to card-games; here you find many correspondences with the first group, but many common features drop out, and other appear. Although constructions often lack any phonological specification, they typically consist of correspondences of morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. More generally, (h) the analysis abandons the idea that sound-meaning correspondences are projected compositionally, and thus the double-interface property of language. The establishment of lexical sound correspondences is commonly considered the heart of the comparative method, but it is not the initial step. We then proceed as before to show how configurations can be suitably decomposed to define the desired path correspondences. In 1, we recall a few facts about metric spaces and correspondences, before stating the hypotheses that hold in the rest of the paper. The system is extendable by registering statistically acquired word correspondences into user dictionaries. The output of the algorithm is the alignment result (a sequence of anchors) and word correspondences as by-products. The proposed method uses two kinds of word correspondences at the same time : word correspondences acquired by statistics and those of a bilingual dictionary. Imposing an additional requirement on the correspondences involved yields an auxiliary notion, which we will use to prove that this is both sufficient and necessary. We will then use such correspondences to infer that they have inherited these from a common source. Finally, lexical learning does not rule out exceptions : syntax-semantic correspondences are rule-governed but also have a probabilistic nature. The basic idea is that languages tend to have predictable form-meaning correspondences to facilitate language processing and language acquisition. From a learning perspective, understanding these correspondences is an important part of the task of grasping the nature of aspectuality. The convex hull can be used to correct the problems with the points correspondences. Counting and tally systems were used to construct one-to-one correspondences in order to control quantities. As for iterative numerical solutions, it is an efficient and robust method for correspondences higher than four. We can now see perception/production correspondences and self-monitoring of production as essential, not merely functionally convenient. In principle, this learning might occur implicitly (through the extraction of print-speech correspondences in text) or explicitly (through direct instruction). Mapping is basically a transformation process used to identify structural correspondences between the expectation and interpretation. Alphabetic languages differ in terms of the relative consistency of the spelling - sound correspondences at different levels or grain sizes. The children did not receive explicit instruction on phoneme correspondences for the individual letters of the alphabet. Naming time will, therefore, tend to increase with word length (strictly speaking it should increase with the number of grapheme-phoneme correspondences). The significance of this finding is that none of the subjects were making one-to-one correspondences between the actions and placeholders. We know that children are capable of observing statistical correspondences between contextual features and forms. Indeed, they follow no line at all, which leads to some interesting correspondences and potential arguments. There exist multiple correspondences between functional descriptions and behavioral descriptions, and between behavioral descriptions and a physical structure. Thus, the model is constrained at various levels of architecture and performance, and correspondences between both model and brain, and model and behavior are explicit. Small-unit correspondences are initially easy to teach, because individual letters are explicitly represented in the written input. In transparent orthographies, reading is typically taught using purely phonicsbased approaches with the focus on the grapheme - phoneme correspondences. They attended schools that provided a version of the whole language approach to reading which did not include explicit instruction on individual letter-phoneme correspondences. The main objective of this study was to examine the nature of the subsyllabic sound - spelling correspondences that people produce and are aware of. Overall, the four experiments showed a consecutive "widening" of the sound - spelling correspondences that people used. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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