| 词汇 | example_english_contagion |
| 释义 | Examples of contagionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The contagion effect is modeled via the dependence of the transition probabilities on the fraction of traders in the alternative state. Table 5 clearly demonstrates that there is no evidence for "ballot-induced contagion" in presidential years. In each case, contagion coefficients were substantially smaller and often in the wrong direction. A kind of contagion of heroism reaches him. The spatial lag model is most consistent with contagion theories and diffusion processes. There is also evidence that the presence of the quota law has a ' contagion ' effect. Overlapping memberships on multiple boards turned the contagion loose. The degree of contagion increased as parasite burden rose and then declined rapidly following a crash in parasite abundance. Gubernatorial elections turn out to be a more promising environment in which to test for contagion effects. The unweighted contagion coefficients are uniformly insignificant, both substantively and statistically. All the evidence for the operation of congressional contagion in presidential election years is confined to the non-synchronized states. All in all, this second test strengthens our confidence in the sectional contagion model. There are solid reasons to suspect that congressional contagion constituted only one manifestation of a broader period pattern. Given the relative magnitude of the effect, it is worth considering why contagion is more pronounced in these election periods than in midterm periods. I restrict the tabular presentation of findings to those coefficients that measure the causal influence of interstate contagion on the congressional vote. Statistical tests for contagion effects in sequential presidential and gubernatorial elections are also conducted. Second, the level of contagion was likely conditioned by the spatial proximity of two sequential elections. First, the level of contagion in a given race was likely affected by the temporal proximity of any two sequential election dates. If one state sets foot upon such a path, there is every chance of the contagion process acting in reverse. Emotional contagion may provide the foundation for learning of the association of another's pain-related vocalization to the concept of pain or danger. Where there was danger of contagion, it offered mandatory hospital treatment, or, according to 13, obliged a patient to undergo medical examinations at appointed dates. Observational studies offer a unique window into the study of patterns of emotional contagion. Second, we have examined only one variable that strengthens the risk of emotional contagion across family subsystems, namely husband-to-wife aggression. First, salience of information provided by social partner(s) may be enhanced through emotional contagion. Functionally, emotional contagion leads to a convergence of emotions among the interactants, and to attentional synchrony. Chimpanzees also show emotional contagion-like responses to the displays of conspecifics. Mining activities have wreaked havoc on the environment, especially in relation to the diminution and contagion of water and wood used for burning fires. Section 3 provides the details of the artificial market structure, in which we embed the contagion mechanism. Respectively, the results in each table represent an increasingly stringent test of the political contagion hypothesis. Why is there no evidence for a contagion effect in states with synchronized federal elections? Such contagion needed explanation too, and once again the imagination, together with the animal spirits, performed that role. However, crowd psychology had already defined its subject matter in terms of rapidly spreading processes such as emotional contagion or suggestion. The treatment thus thrived on a form of psychic contagion that was supposed to weaken fear and resistance against the procedure of hypnosis. The authors state that emotional contagion proximately guides the parent-offspring relationship, increasing the success of the offspring by eliciting tailored or proper care. Emotional contagion proximately guides the parent-offspring relationship, increasing the success of both individuals. Most social animals have the capacity for emotional response to the emotional displays of other of their species, described as emotional contagion. Our results provide strong evidence that the spatial structure of participation is consistent with a theory of diffusion or contagion. Finally, our results show that the spatial structure of political participation is consistent with a diffusion or contagion process. The constant is a parameter for the strength of contagion. In line with the contagion process formalized in equation (2), we can also formalize transition probabilities for individual agents. We propose that emotional contagion is only developed into a more complex representation when the sympathic response is mediated by intersubjective reasoning. The simulation of actions in mirror neurons described above may be the somatic analogue to the visceral response of emotional contagion. The effects of political contagion were such that outcomes in early states could not wholly be left to chance. As used here, political contagion refers to an electoral stimulus of interstate origin. Was interstate political contagion peculiar to congressional elections or did it intrude into other electoral realms? By contrast, there is clear evidence of a sectional contagion effect along lines observed earlier. The absence of a contagion effect in the highly compressed environment of presidential elections was shown to be consistent with this claim. Table 1 also indicates that political contagion exerts a substantially more powerful effect on the congressional vote in presidential election years than in midterm years. The very pronounced contagion effect discernable in presidential years requires closer consideration. With disease incidence decreasing, short-distance contagion through animal contact become less likely, and the relative contribution of long-distance contagion through the market chain increases. We believe that this variable may be the best marker of capacity for contagion of each patient within the family setting (the usual setting investigated in contact studies). As discussed above, social selection and social contagion, operating in the context of genotype-environment and phenotype-environment interactions, determine the acquisition, maintenance, and extinction of drug-use behavior during the life span. Since imitation emerges much earlier than prosocial response, and people learn to inhibit and control emotional contagion and imitation, responses with the object should emerge earlier, and with less learning. Medical opinion remained divided on the causes but, whether the cholera was transmitted through the air or spread through contagion, it appeared to be closely associated with poverty and insalubrity. The closer two states were to each other geographically, the more rapidly contagion could spread, which was essential if their election dates also happened to be closely fixed in time. The use of weights to account for the effects of elapsed time and geographic proximity increases the substantive power of the contagion effect in theoretically predicted ways. She argues that the preachers combat their audience's fear of contagion with an insistence on the spiritual healing to be received through contact with the sick. Furthermore, they emphasize empathy as a process rather than a response, allowing for numerous and diverse subordinate mechanisms such as emotional contagion, sympathy, and so on. The results further reveal sectional contagion effects at twice the magnitude of national effects. The peer environment is undoubtedly integral to drug use; however, the mechanisms of its influence-susceptibility to peer influence (contagion), as well as active affiliation with drugusing peers (selection)-remains unclear. The properties of the social companion that elicit contagion appear to act like unconditioned stimuli, and the effects of emotional contagion appear to be unconditioned responses. Irregularities are not eliminated by contagion or collective pressure, as is the case with the imitation of a typical behavior that presides over every gesture in a trade. I will demonstrate that interstate "political contagion" was a distinctive feature of congressional elections between 1828 and 1874, an artifact of the era's temporally fragmented electoral calendar. There is a serious risk of contagion via private equity. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English We wish to have a society that is free from the mental contagion that is terror. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English I am quite sure that sickness is dissociated from any contagion which may be sustained as a result of the work. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Therefore, the capacity for contagion is much greater. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 What is feared is the risk of contagion at abattoirs. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We can see why this great contagion is sweeping the world. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Seven weeks into this contagion, there are still farmers out there moving livestock that can contaminate healthy beasts. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There will be calls for bail-outs and guarantees to forestall contagion and to prevent the breakdown of the payment system. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Today one farmer may apply for cutting out, but his neighbour may refuse and the contagion may spread. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Whatever may be said about stores, surely the fat cattle cannot be regarded as a possible source of contagion. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Today, following the last two or three years of deepening recession and inflexible monetarist policies, that contagion has become an epidemic. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We must retain the freedom to protect our selves against the contagion of defiatation. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Perhaps there would be an element of contagion. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Few people understand that the gaolers and the gaoled became locked into each other's images and together they enhance the contagion of violence. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is also far more danger of contagion from infectious disease. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The disease is due, as everyone knows, to contagion and lack of ventilation. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Are they afraid of contagion, of mass non-payment spreading south of the border? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I believe, finally, that divorce is contagious and that the contagion is often handed on to later generations. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Foot-and mouth disease is a disease by which the contagion can be conveyed in a hundred different ways. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Complex products like banking derivatives, which were supposed to disperse risk around the world, have instead spread contagion. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English The best defence against contagion is the ring-fencing of our budgetary positions. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Stock markets and economies rise and fall together, confidence is the key to prosperity, and insecurity spreads like contagion. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Is it by birds or by human beings, or only by direct contagion? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The contagion of surfaces has eliminated "men of sort, of parts, and qualities" (line 105). All of us, therefore, descending from an impure seed, come into the world tainted with the contagion of sin. In communication theory, some transmission channels can be described in terms of contagion urn models. If there was danger of contagion, these officials could ask for police assistance in having the cure completed. They should warn against marriage as long as there was any danger of contagion. The mechanisms of emotional contagion seem to share neural substrates common to the pain system. Thus, according to the model, various phenomena like emotional contagion, cognitive empathy, guilt, and helping are similar in that they rely on the perception-action mechanism. In common sense harmony with this theory, the germ theory of disease also flourished (as the contagion theory). We also deal with issues such as the dangers of contagion and of excessive freedom of international capital movements. Medical concepts such as contagion, degeneration, and biological stigma also permeated the legislators' discussions of anarchism. At different moments public health reformers depicted workingclass women as either the most vulnerable group or as the primary agents of contagion. In both national and sectional models, contagion coefficients in these states are almost never statistically significant; and they are never in the expected direction. However, the organization of presidential elections militated against the development of interstate contagion, even before they were synchronized nationally in 1848. The time period was held constant to facilitate comparisons with the results of the congressional contagion analysis. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。