| 词汇 | example_english_constraint |
| 释义 | Examples of constraintThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The resulting tool will allow specifying relations between groups and participants, and different interaction types and constraints over interactions. In this work, the environment is characterised by two negotiators, time constraints, deadlines, full information and the possibility of opting out. The problem can be constrained further by including constraints based on general design heuristics. The capacity to use marked forms is a developmental step, but their use largely depends on contextual and pragmatic constraints. Evaluation of the lambda building block requires additional constraints between the monad and value types. However, further analysis of constraints on fertiliser use is necessary. In particular, haptic perception is important to recognize local and dynamic properties of the environment and the physical constraints imposed on the end-effector. Figures 10 and 11 show the response of the contact area position constraints. However, state variables are not independent; they are subject to the two contact area constraints between the soft fingertips and the rigid object surface. All the manipulators of this family have independent constraints and three equal legs. In fact, we noticed that a large value of rk tends to well ensure constraints satisfaction to the detriment of cost minimality and vice versa. However, the application of these techniques involves several constraints to the reliability and cost of the systems. The calculation of these functions is based on the objective parameters, and takes into account the constraints acting on the robot. In order to compute the obstacle constraints, it is necessary to know the distance between the robot and the obstacles. The whole trajectory from the beginning of the movement to its end must satisfy given acceleration and/or velocity constraints. The search and generation of the new trajectory are performed within the robot motion constraints. As in the companion paper these constraints specify the conditions of toeing-off and heel-touch at start and end of the swing motion. The user must provide, as far as possible, the first partial derivatives of the objective function and constraints. Note that the transition between any states of the robot's extensors must satisfy the kinematic constraints imposed by the environment. Equations (8) are the final, reduced form of the dynamic model of the system, with all constraints included. In order to carry out analysis and control, a kinematic model with consideration of constraints is described. However, there are some problems, especially if the assumption is that there are no density-dependent constraints in the life cycle. To begin with, changes in constraints were important. To form a valid secondary structure, base pairs must satisfy several constraints. The approach works well thanks to the scores of external biochemical constraints that help to define the structure. As we have said, it does not make any sense to talk about the relative ranking of the inviolable constraints. When these two constraints come into conflict, ungrammaticality results. Constraints are violable, but violation must be minimal, and occurs only in order to avoid violation of higher-ranking constraints. Grammars are defined as language-particular rankings of a set of universal constraints. The conjunction of two constraints is violated just in case both constraints are violated together. We have seen that, given the constraints we propose, some outputs will be unspecified. The score assigned to a candidate is the sum of these values for all of the constraints. The size variation of the reduplicant is a consequence of the interactions between constraints on the anchoring of the plural morpheme and stress assignment. The local conjunction approach to relational constraints is no exception. If constraints were asked to distinguish between the two classes of function words, this would obviously call for class-specific constraints. In (36), candidate (a) is eliminated by faithfulness constraints. Of course, the success of the algorithm will depend on the initial ranking of the constraints. Further, the conjunction is evaluated categorically, even if the conjuncts are gradient constraints. The activity of other constraints yields the more general restriction of unreleased consonants to place-assimilated nasals. As such, phonological similarity within a paradigm may be regulated by faithfulness constraints which are identical to input-output faithfulness constraints. To sketch this theory, we require better motivation for faithfulness constraints for stress and tone, as done directly below. Morpheme-subcategorisation constraints may also outrank the tonehead constraints, resulting in low-toned heads. The other crucial ranking is that stress-placement constraints must outrank the tone-placement constraints. The ranked markedness constraints that we have seen above would then determine the nature of the epenthetic consonant. Constraints interact, and higher-ranking constraints can affect the activity of lower-ranking ones. Therefore, typological generalisations with this property cannot be explained using targeted constraints ; an example of this is (12). Furthermore, adding new kinds of constraints can be relatively easy. We addressed this issue at the close of 7.1.1 : since individual constraints work to determine optimality, they cannot themselves depend on this property. As discussed above, foot-head alignment constraints determine both the number of intersections that a form contains and the position in which intersections occur. The constraints in (3) are some of those used in the co-phonology account. We assume that this is a correct result ; all featural faithfulness constraints are met here. In these languages, the tone-head constraints may be ignored, resulting in low-toned heads and high-toned non-heads. Both morpheme-specific markedness and output-output constraints are arguably independently necessary, so eliminating templatic constraints from the theory does not eliminate the prediction. The value of [partially long] is therefore determined by the constraints in (17), regardless of underlying specification for [partially long]. In addition to the faithfulness constraints outlined above, the grammar also contains a variety of featural markedness constraints. To account for the pattern, the theory has to allow constraints to be specific to reduplicative morphemes. However, effort constraints do serve to limit the environments in which this enhancement can apply. Syntagmatic distinctness in consonant deletion 21 different features can be added to create more complex constraints of the type in (22d). Contexts at both the paradigmatic and the syntagmatic levels are sensitive to the constraints dealing with distinctness or similarity. Let us now consider what justification can be provided for the hierarchy of faithfulness constraints. Optimality-theoretic feature co-occurrence constraints provide a good account of this type of dependency between articulators. Relational constraints form universally fixed hierarchies, which are associated with certain typological predictions. Constraints based on these schemata are inherently categorical, in the same way that faithfulness constraints in general are categorical. With categorical constraints, if the final foot is skipped, then stress appears on the initial foot instead. Like a reduplicative morpheme, coupling invokes correspondence constraints that enhance similarity between the coupled substrings. Rather, learners appear to induce a specific ranking of constraints for each affix,10 such that rankings may be partially fixed by general ranking schemata. The reason for this is that other markedness and faithfulness constraints can override the demands or obscure the distinctions made by the relational hierarchy. I assume however that the number of metaconditions that regulate the ranking of constraints is quite small. Gradient constraints, most prominently alignment, are not compatible with (1), nor can all the effects of gradience be obtained using (1). On the other hand, a variable output candidate can only be disfavoured by constraints that rank below the cut-off. However, if the best candidate is not that well-formed (it is disfavoured by high-ranking constraints), then all other candidates will be even less well-formed. Though non-finality constraints do not detect this distinction directly, they can detect it indirectly through the final/non-final contrast on which they are based. As a consequence, it is necessary to rank several unrelated constraints below the cut-off. The effect of these constraints can be seen in tableaux such as (17) and (18). We therefore postulate faithfulness constraints that are dependent on prosodic prominence. Such feature combinations are ruled out by highly ranked feature co-occurrence constraints. I will use this cover term in tableaux where none of the feature co-occurrence constraints is violated. We subsume alignment constraints under the ' markedness ' heading here. In both cases, the outputs are selected so as to best satisfy these conflicting constraints. The factorial typology of the constraints produces unattested patterns and cannot generate some attested patterns. Second, the choice between a feature bundle and a segment does not affect the evaluation of the proposed constraints in any essential way. However, both of these constraints make the wrong predictions for epenthesis. In addition, it is shown that reranking these constraints does not lead to an unattested and unexpected interaction between stress and weight. Unit and system operating constraints provide system-specific realism to the outputs of the model. He introduced an element of informality, and reduced the political constraints of his predecessor. However, they attribute the failure to resolve this dilemma to the constraints imposed by institutions. The commitments and constraints reflected in "current services" are inherent in the tax and spending policies contained in current law. Many representatives told us that due to members' own resource and time constraints, members would not participate in information-sharing organizations unless they received benefits. Because all forms of knowledge share these general constraints - albeit in different ways - they necessarily involve each other's implications. In other words, rhetoric can move the polis, but only within certain material constraints. Our organization of experience between formal and objective constraints has a local determinacy that is the work of hermeneutics, history, and sociology to identify. In their greater skepticism about transcendental constraints, postmodernists suspect that the invocation of such categories defies the infinite questionability of hermeneutics. On the one hand, linguistic or hermeneutic conventions of understanding practically mediate the necessary constraints of objectivity and formality. At the same time, they gave free play to an imagination that was remarkably liberated, for its time, from the constraints of specificity and linearity. The constraints of international observers need not be as obvious and personal as that. Such a theory could, for example, address the conditions under which constraints on learning might evolve. Many are fixed physical constraints about which relatively little can be done but there are others which, in theory at least, can be overcome. On the other hand, its ability and efficiency in promoting economic development have been adversely affected by a number of constraints. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。