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词汇 abstract
释义 abstract
adjective
uk /ˈæb.strækt/ us /ˈæb.strækt/

abstractadjective (GENERAL)


B2
existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material object: 抽象的;纯理论的;纯概念的
Truth and beauty are abstract concepts.真和美都是抽象的概念。
Opposite
concrete
An abstract argument or discussion is general and not based on particular examples: (辩论或讨论)抽象的;空泛的;空洞的
This debate is becoming too abstract - let's have some hard facts!这场辩论变得太空洞了,拿出一些具体的事实根据来吧!
Opposite
concrete
Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples

abstract ideas
abstractHappiness, faith, and confidence are abstract qualities.
conceptualThe introduction lays out a conceptual framework for the book.
notionalThere is a notional improvement in air quality that cannot be demonstrated.
theoreticalVitamin supplements can give a theoretical boost to health.
 the abstract
general ideas: 抽象概念;理论
in the abstract So far we've only discussed the question in the abstract (= without referring to any real examples).目前我们只是泛泛地讨论过这个问题。
I have difficulty dealing with the abstract - let's discuss particular cases.我难以理解抽象概念,我们讨论一些具体的案例吧。
It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with something concrete.
He is good at explaining quite complex, abstract ideas in a nice simple way.
Your idea is rather vague and abstract - could you explain it in a bit more detail, please?
These early humans were clearly capable of abstract thought, and probably language too.
Some of these new theories are so abstract that they don't seem to relate to our everyday work at all.
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Ideas, concepts and theories
abstraction
accepted wisdom
afterthought
anthropocentrism
anti-Darwinian
Darwinist
determinist
Dianetics
exceptionalism
motif
musings
natalism
non-dogmatic
non-empirical
sacred cow
social Darwinism
straw man
supersensible
tenet
the domino theory

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:


General

abstractadjective (ART)


B2
used to refer to a type of painting, drawing, or sculpture that uses shapes, lines, and colour in a way that does not try to represent the appearance of people or things: 抽象(派)的
abstract art抽象艺术
an abstract painter抽象派画家
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Art history & artistic movements
abstract expressionism
aesthetic
anti-modern
anti-modernism
anti-modernist
cubist
expressionism
expressionist
expressionistic
expressionistically
modernism
modernist
montage
naturalism
naturalistic
regency
rococo
romantic
romanticism
screen printing
abstract
noun[ C ]
uk /ˈæb.strækt/ us /ˈæb.strækt/

abstractnoun[C] (SHORT DOCUMENT)


a short form of a speech, article, book, etc., giving only the most important facts or ideas: 摘要;梗概
There is a section at the end of the magazine that includes abstracts of recent articles/books.杂志的最后一部分收录了近期发表的文章/出版的书籍的摘要。
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Summaries and summarizing
abridgment
biodata
brushstroke
catch-all
catch-all phrase
encapsulation
executive summary
gist
handout
in shortidiom
recapitulation
resume
shorthand
shorthand for somethingidiom
story
sum (something/someone) up
TLDR
to cut a long story shortidiom
trot
upsum

abstractnoun[C] (ART)


a painting that uses shapes, lines, and colour in a way that does not try to represent the appearance of people or things抽象画;抽象派艺术作品
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Pictures
-scape
active matrix
aquatint
autostereogram
canvas
caricature
fig
floral
graphic arts
graphic novel
halo
hellscape
identikit
pencil
raster
rehang
screen print
seascape
shade
sketch
abstract
verb
uk /æbˈstrækt/ us /æbˈstrækt/
[ I or T ]
to consider something in a general way or make a general judgment after looking at particular details:
Most interviewees focus on their own experience and do not generalize or abstract the situation.
A general rule is arrived at by abstracting from the data.
[ T ]
to remove or separate someone or something from a place or context(= the situation, facts, words, etc. that exist around something):
abstract someone from somethingIt was impossible to abstract children from their social environment with all its dangers.
abstract something from somethingRelevant information was abstracted from the database or from medical records.
[ T ]
to give a summary or abstract(= a short description giving the most important ideas) of something:
If you find an article you think should be abstracted in our journal, submit it for consideration.
There are several observations that might be abstracted from this example.
We abstracted the number of cases and deaths from the 2001–2019 annual reports.
She leaves it to the reader to collect and abstract insights from her text.
We abstract a general data structure from the list of data.
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Elaborating, specifying and simplifying
anti-reductionism
anti-reductionist
broad brush
broaden
complicate
enlarge on/upon something
expand
expand on something
expansively
expansiveness
overgeneralization
overgeneralize
oversimplification
oversimplify
particularization
spec
specification
specificity
specify
split hairsidiom

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:


Removing and extracting
Summaries and summarizing

abstract | American Dictionary


abstract
adjective
us/æbˈstrækt, ˈæb·strækt/
existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material object:
"Humanity" is an abstract idea.
English
If a statement, argument, or discussion is abstract, it is general and not based on particular examples.
art
A painting, drawing, or sculpture is described as abstract if it tries to represent the qualities of objects or people but does not show their outer appearance:
abstract art
abstract
noun[ C ]
us/ˈæb·strækt/
writing
a few sentences that give the main ideas in an article or a scientific paper

abstract | Business English


abstract
adjective
uk /ˈæbstrækt/us
existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material object:
"Satisfaction" is difficult to measure as it is an abstract concept.
abstract
noun[ C ]
uk /ˈæbstrækt/us
a shortened form of a speech, article, book, etc., giving the most important facts or ideas:
There is a section at the end of the magazine which includes abstracts of recent articles.

Examples of abstract


abstract
Each four-part volume contains around 700 abstracts reporting research in some 200 jour nals from around the world.
Function is a source of knowledge that abstracts behavior.
The editors are happy to consider advice on additional journals for abstracting.
A direct consequence of abstracting to constant functions is that any issues relating to the analysis of polymorphic functions disappear.
The underlying rock from which the water was abstracted, was calcareous and the depth of the borehole was about 60 m.
A core set of features could be abstracted for particular domains, which could then be extended by a programmer.
Data were abstracted from the original source publication by two independent, blinded research assistants.
The different strategies utilizing evolutionary algorithms for knowledge acquisition are abstracted from the work reviewed.
Another important remark is that the presented model also abstracts from real-word resources, external to the multiagent system.
From any concrete social or political situation, a large and possibly infinite number of different ideal constructs can be abstracted.
By abstracting over a strict variable we get call by value (strict abstraction); in the other case we have call by name (lazy abstraction).
The pointer chasing could be abstracted over different monads, and reused with multiple data structures representing different kinds of terms.
What is needed is one big "class-like" thing that abstracts over all the types s, r and m, and all their operations at once.
According to their work, top-down design of a mechanism involves defining the mechanism configuration, which is abstracted in terms of kinematic pair relations between parts.
Data on the inclusion cr iter ia, patients, methods, results, and quality of each study were independently abstracted.
See all examples of abstract
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
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