| 词汇 | example_english_cone |
| 释义 | Examples of coneThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Labeled axons could be followed for many millimeters, and growth cones were consistently labeled. Perhaps the peak sensitivity of my long-wave cones is slightly displaced from that of yours. However, nictitation was not observed on the upright cones, because the larvae that reached the top became trapped in the water wells. The photons of this frequency have been reflected off, captured by my retina and absorbed by the photoreceptors containing a blue-responding pigment ("blue cones"). Then one can define the cone's generating line. There is a lot of ambiguity in such an illustration, which has to come with some additional information about the distinguished projective cones. The cones did not appear to be chemically or electrically coupled. The second class of non-polyhedral cones we consider gives rise to semidefinite programming problems. The present experiments were successful in eliminating this difficulty by performing the experiments with cones. One of the motivations for repeating the experiments with cones was that the end effect is automatically removed in axisymmetric flow. The presence of oil droplets indicated that at least some of these photoreceptors were cones. In this model, the specific connection between cones and horizontal cells and the feedback effect from horizontal cells to cones plays a key role. We have used this approach to characterize the cones of insectivores. Spectral sensitivities of the middleand long-wavelength sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype. Chromatic properties of retinal ganglion cells can be modeled through random connections between cones and later neurons; alternatively connectional specificity may be present. 907 binding pocket of opsin diminishes bleaching adaptation of retinal cones. Therefore, only three cones of beams are necessary instead of five cones in the first design. The bat claws are in the form of solid cones and/or large curving claws. In the turtle visual system, color opponency is found in the first synapse between cones and horizontal cells. First, the outer fibers of the narrowest cones at the foveal center were examined for the presence of mitochondria. Our observations on a larger sample of human retinas confirm that mitochondria are found consistently in the outer fiber of foveal cones. The first and foremost modification introduced into anchovy cones was the turning of the lamellar stacks by 90 deg, effectively producing receptors with end-on dichroism. The number of opsin-positive cones (representing the average of the six area values) was determined for each animal. However, no comparable vascular network is present in the outer retina to induce the centripetal translocation of cones. The spectral sensitivities of the middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype. However, we also find that the relative contributions of the two cones at isoluminance varies with spatial frequency. Characteristics and ionic processes involved in feedback spikes of tur tle cones. The spectral sensitivity of the human short-wavelength sensitive cones derived from thresholds and color matches. Centripetal movement of cones was minimal until just after bir th when the pit reached 88% of its maximal depth. In this study, the photoresponses of cones and horizontal cells were recorded intracellularly from the turtle eyecup. The findings, discussed here, suggest inputs from all three spectral types of cones to all three types of horizontal cells. The electroretinogram evoked by the excitation of human foveal cones. In addition, the red-sensitive pigment is placed in single cones with red and pale green droplets. However, there is much controversy in the attribution of specific visual pigments and oil droplet colors to par ticular morphological types of cones. Thus, seven types of cones can be identified based on their morphology, oil droplet color, and the visual pigment absorbance. Bipolar cells in monkey retina selective for the cones likely to be blue-sensitive. In 10 -20 sample fields across the retina, cones were counted with a 100 oil immersion objective and the data entered in the map. We did not record from miniature shor t single cones nor did we determine the spectral type of the long single cones or double cones. Synapses between cones and diffuse bipolar cells of a primate retina. Relatively fewer sites on the post-synaptic membrane of cones would be occupied by glutamate and this could result in greater sensitivity to the agonist. The biocytin wide-field bipolar cell in the rabbit retina selectively contacts blue cones. In the maps for cones, we can see that the contours have a horizontally elongated conformation, a visual streak. Properties of the depolarizing synaptic potential evoked by peripheral illumination in cones of the turtle retina. The spectral sensitivity of the human shor t-wavelength sensitive cones derived from thresholds and color matches. The top panel shows the average number of cones connected by the conical convolution filter at each eccentricity. The incoming and reflected laser light is shown as light gray cones. Here we treat a neural bridge across the retina-whereby cones connect via bipolar neurons to ganglion cells. In such mice, the transgene product, b-galactosidase, is expressed in populations of both cones and bipolar cells. By comparing responses of one class of cones to that of another class expressing a different opsin, color vision can be achieved. Second, there is a substantial gradient in mitochondrial amount with eccentricity, especially in cones. Labeled cones were counted at approximately 50 sites taken at 1-mm intervals across two ferret retinas for both sets of antibodies. The first feature of morphological specialization of cones is elongation of the axonal process. 205 extent of inner segment contraction retained in long-single and double cones was much less than that observed during objective dawn. Throughout the years, we have obtained precise descriptions of the response properties of cones and horizontal cells and their interactions in the goldfish retina. Consider the extreme case of a receptive field center with only two cones. However, if one spectral type of cones supplies input to a given horizontal cell, then the effects of synaptic transmission should be wavelength invariant. To test the interactions between cones and horizontal cells, the linearity functions were compared for presynaptic-postsynaptic cell pairs according to the cascade model. Second, there may be individual variations in the peak sensitivities of the cones. Recordings from cones were obtained at electrode depths distal to that of bipolar and horizontal cells. We also recorded a few visual pigment 0oil droplet combinations (all in single cones) that do not fit the above-described s ccheme. During the early larval stages, retinae of many marine teleosts contain only cones, and in a number of species, these are single cones. Visual pigment phosphorylation but not transducin translocation can contribute to light adaptation in zebrafish cones. In summary, we have shown that structurally, cones are more resilient to aging irrespective of ocular pigmentation. However, at the luminance levels studied, the double cones are almost certainly engaged too. A new type of wide-field horizontal cell presumably linked to blue cones, in rabbit retina. 469 as long cones yielded significant linear dichroism with dichroic ratios intermediate to those obtained from untilted cells. Assume the proportion of cones in normal mosaicism patches is p and the proportion of cones in anomalous mosaicism patches is 1-p. The chromaticity coordinates from spectrum colours of extrafoveal cones. Effects of synaptic blocking agents on the depolarizing responses of tur tle cones evoked by surround illumination. In the case of cones, measurements were completed on the por tion of the outer segment that was immediately distal to the inner segment. One hour before light onset shor tsingle cones are 60% contracted. The properties of single cones isolated from the tiger salamander retina. One is to assume that cones did not change their response behavior to light but that the gain of the output synapses was diminished. Staining of blue-sensitive cones of macaque retina by a florescent dye. The measurements for cones (triangles) are shown in both panels and are for positive contrast only. The results obtained from long and shor t single cones and double cones were basically the same. An analysis of transmission from cones to hyperpolarizing bipolar cells in the retina of the tur tle. Double cones consist of a longer oil droplet-containing principal member, and a shor ter and thicker accessory member that lacks an oil droplet. The optical proper ties of human foveal cones differ with location within the fovea. Together, these results indicate that mitochondria are more widely disbursed along the inner segment of the cones in the foveal center. The glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate antagonizes synaptic transmission from cones to horizontal cells in the goldfish retina. Refractile bodies in the inner segments of cones in the aging human retina. A background of any color induces in cones a steady-state hyperpolarization that reduces the voltage range for increment photoresponses. Surviving unlabeled photoreceptors are presumed to be cones. A consequence is that the two opsin immunolabels may frequently identify the same cones. The nature of surround induced depolarizing responses in goldfish cones. Feedback from horizontal cells to cones modulates the calcium current of cones. To be in equilibrium, the "red-green process" needs a certain ratio of input from the long- and middle-wave cones. The zpr-1 labeling confirms the observation from semithin sections that cones are not damaged substantially during these light treatments. Diamonds show the dynamic range for cones of aquatic-phase animals. A single reaction product was detected in several single and twin cones, but not in every photoreceptor. At retinal locations greater than 10 deg, signals from more than ten cones are required to converge onto postreceptoral elements to reflect the measured data. We chose to develop this system as a potential model for understanding the responses of human foveal cones to detachment. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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