| 词汇 | example_english_communicative |
| 释义 | Examples of communicativeThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Several of these components of a communicative event may be different in different cultures. What of the communicative aspect of music in its most accessible form, timbre; the closest that we get to human expressiveness? However, due to their deficiencies in conceptual thinking and in communicative and other skills, they may have problems in developing constructive, compensatory defences. I have always found him very communicative; ready to give his opinion on any subject that was mentioned. A quantification of the concept 'communicative value of a language' is proposed in this connection. There were to be no more regular, monthly, meta-communicative chats among amateur reader - authors. The externalization of the expected structure (via process 12) corresponds to the architect's communicative action directed to the costing expert. The influence of these independent variables on outcomes is mediated by intervening communicative behaviors of physicians and patients in the clinical encounter. Their discussion of the 'communicative moment' demonstrated the possible correspondence of both positions. The communicative approach does not do more than make the simple observation that different processes are at work. The child must be able to understand not only what has been said by a partner but also the speaker's communicative intent. The second was to examine whether theory of mind ability was associated with communicative competence. In summary, previous research has demonstrated that children with autism experience a specific disorder related to communicative competence. Only longitudinal research can confirm the direction of the associations between the impaired theory of mind and communicative competence that we found. Identifications involve reference to the discrete objects and events within the communicative context and require little understanding of the conversational partner's theory of mind. Developing communicative competence in a second language (pp. 55 - 73). Perhaps we should search for communicative behavior that reports awareness of uncertainty itself. The authors propose that the central mechanism driving this level of communicative alignment is priming. The first implication is that bilingualism is a positive adaptation to the environment, beyond increased communicative competence in a second language and greater cultural understanding. Many of the ethnographies show how codeswitching and other bilingual communicative strategies are used to resolve cultural conflicts. The communicative skills and competencies of future international and intercultural communicators remain strong motivators of research in business language contact. Here it serves as a cross-linguistic or international medium of communication, where prestige and communicative effectiveness are seen to be strongly correlated with linguistic correctness. Although the tasks are aimed at making grammar forms salient to the learner, this is achieved through communicative activities. To this end, the chapter examines research on the different ways in which formal instruction can be integrated with communicative activities. The dominant teaching method was the communicative one. Further work is needed to detail the initial stages of communicative development in deaf children exposed to sign language. As people are communicative beings, lack of language competence can be a barrier to employment. However, only a few empirical studies have addressed communicative competence as a multifaceted construct encompassing organizational, pragmatic, and strategic abilities. Communicative intentions arise in daily routines of shared experiences between an adult and a child. Although less well studied, an uneven profile of emergent language and nonverbal communicative skills has also been reported for young children with autism spectrum disorder. To do so is not an indictment of communicative methodology, but a sign of its flexibility. Proposing a relationship between theory of mind and communicative competence is consistent with existing theories related to language use. The present results lead to the expectation that the development of theory of mind and of communicative competence will prove to be closely interwoven. Studies examining normal children have shown close relationships between developments of theory of mind and communicative competence. Furthermore, the late onset children did not display differences in their social or communicative behavior when compared to typically developing children. A behavioral coding system was created that included a number of gaze, social, affective, motor, communicative, and joint attention behaviors. One study examined the potential contribution of right hemisphere dysfunction to the communicative impairments of autism. Communicative reason, even in the ideal, will not always be able to reach consensus on a total system of values. Motherese could be an aspect of language at the crossing or at the origin of communicative and cognitive content. Teachers should be convinced that communicative competence has to be combined with peace-oriented thinking otherwise the challenges of the twenty-first century cannot be met. The next section therefore describes a selection of communicative strategies adopted by these speakers. The degree of power between two interactants will determine how a particular communicative event is carried out, and will be marked linguistically. There are also teachers who question the prospect of developing children's communicative competence through sandwich stories. In sum, what one knows and what one does in regard to language involves its place in the larger sphere of communicative knowledge and ability. The article suggests that upspeak has two main communicative functions and focuses on the interpersonal and situational factors which predispose speakers to use it. Indeed, the legitimization and codification process starts with the recognition and communicative value of local varieties. 115 dyad, difficulties in managing motivational schedules for the child, and communicative problems, including childhood deafness. The facial motor nucleus also innervates the inner ear, which is implicated in both attentional and communicative processes. Talking with strangers : a study of bilingual children's communicative competence. Furthermore, this tendency to look to the speaker increased with age, suggesting that they were becoming increasingly responsive to her bid for shared communicative interaction. Against this, why would infants aged 1 ; 0 have failed to engage in overt communicative responses ? Such understanding enables infants to become active participants in a vastly larger range of communicative interactions that includes much beyond the hereand-now. However, there are still many unresolved issues, for example, the question of sociocultural influences on communicative behaviour. Still, he makes little use of clarification requests, which stimulate the development of children's linguistic and communicative competence in the target language. Shared script knowledge, however, did not improve all aspects of the children's communicative interactions. The dependent measures, which were designed to assess communicative effectiveness, were as follows. Thus, we argue that negotiations are the least sophisticated and attention regulation, the most sophisticated of these communicative intents. In effect, speakers and hearers will conspire for communicative reasons to ensure that functional and lexical items are phonologically distinctive. The findings add to our understanding of the variability in the development of early communicative behaviours. Instances of this kind would be utterances like mommy sock where the communicative intent is not clear. By means of factor analysis three maternal communicative styles were distinguished : nonintervening, explaining and directing. As has been noted by other researchers, maternal communicative style is not a static phenomenon. The explaining communicative style brought together talkativeness, information giving, labelling, monologuing, intraspeakers pause time, yes-no questions and interruptions\\overlaps. In other words, it is conceivable that children never use a particular construction for communicative reasons, although they have no difficulties in comprehending it. Moreover, they can coordinate their attention to a communicative partner with their attention to an object of the surrounding environment. Thus, the capacity to take into account mental states in others seems to be a key factor which regulates communicative interchanges. Future research should address how other emotional and linguistic factors contribute to creating individual differences in communicative situations. In addition to these tasks designed to elicit communicative gestures, we performed a short point-following task to examine children's ability to interpret a communicative gesture. The point-following task examined their ability to respond to a communicative gesture. The book begins by clearly defining the goal of the communicative approach: communicative competence. Examples (1) and (2) show varying degrees of attention to both form and meaning commensurable with the perceived communicative requirements of the task. Pronunciation has been left behind in the eagerness to encourage communicative skill within functional approaches to language teaching. The dream surrendered its communicative orientation, regardless of whether its narrative was directed toward the future or toward fellow human beings. Chapters 7 and 8 are the most valuable because they introduce the communicative situation and functional aspects of translating. The traditional g roup deduced rules from examples, listened and repeated individually and in chorus, and accomplished a communicative task. We argue that mass media are informative and communicative tools that allow opposition voices to be heard. We need to be more conversant with the dynamic exercise of, interaction of, and communicative import of feelings. The communicative function of each dialogue act has a task-related and/or an interactive-related function, and this permits definition of the key notion of coherence. Finally, the use of conversation policies to guide agent communicative behaviour engenders a host of practical questions. The structuring and presentation of information for communicative purposes is an issue of primary importance in the development and assessment of safety critical systems. A communicative plan, that is, a complex illocutionary act, can be accomplished through many possible different locutionary acts. Within the scheme outlined above the new proposal can be classified as a directed search with strong communicative intent. To these can be added nouns or coverbs with more specific meanings, as required for communicative purposes. The more phatic implications a communicative act has, the more phatic it is. First, it adds a special communicative power in well-publicized decisions. Of course, other factors contribute to the context and thus to the communicative import of the act as well. How many communicative exchanges are required to agree on one such deal? Such criticisms typically focus on the importance of the meaningful and communicative dimensions of conduct, on 'commitment', altruistic behaviour, and norm- or value-governed behaviour. Finally, the communicative structure specifies the ontologies for description of domain concepts and communication illocutions. More specifically, the feature of the communicative process of the nurse practitioner consultation, with which this study is concerned, is styles of patient self-presentation. In these cases we are faced with a different communicative situation where it is easier to be engaged in a more human-like interaction. She observes her son's communicative production by looking straight at him, not at the image he is producing on the screen. How culture and technology together shape new communicative practices: investigating interactions between deaf and hearing callers with computer-mediated videotelephone. Instead of in-depth analyses, most of the chapters present relatively brief descriptions of specific communicative phenomena or possible applications of research. In such a discourse learners are oriented to target language as an object rather than as a communicative resource. Four major sociolinguistic/sociocultural factors seem to have been at work during this period: the communicative, the political, the religious, and the literary. The dependent linguistic variant concerns the selection of pronoun number in a communicative function that expresses an unknown, indefinite reference. He does not give any value to even the communicative role of these institutions with the masses. They suggest instead that it should be viewed as a type of interview, arguing that this is an equally relevant communicative speech event. The concept of communicative competence, initially developed for ethnographic research, appeared to offer an intellectual basis for pedagogic broadening. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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