| 词汇 | example_english_collective-bargaining |
| 释义 | Examples of collective bargainingThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, the contemporary outcome has not been a triumph of laissez-faire but a displacement of collectivebargaining in the employment relations field. It often means removing trade union immunities, removing the limit on the hours people work, and phasing out collectivebargaining agreements. In this way, both workers and owners sought to politicise an industrial relations ruling and, more generally, the collectivebargaining process. Another factor is employer hostility to collectivebargaining, either in the formative years of the industrial economy or since the 1970s. Nevertheless, in contrast to the 1920s, the employers refrained from direct attacks on the union, and the framework of collectivebargaining was never repudiated. Recognizing the pressures on collectivebargaining, the associations have sought to cultivate comparative advantages in other activities in order to continue to attract members. To say simply that doctors enjoy more success at collectivebargaining because they are a historically professionalized group is to oversimplify matters somewhat. More and more, workers are relying on government regulations - minimum wage laws and the like - rather than traditional collectivebargaining structures for labour market protection. Would there be minimum wage institutions, employment protection, unionization, and collectivebargaining? The employers used the strike to launch a sustained attack on centralised collectivebargaining. Collectivebargaining is widely used by professions as well as trade groups to negotiate with a payer, employer, or governing body. However, it would be insufficient to understand more complex decision situations of productive behavior, collectivebargaining, political actions, or consumers' learning (125). The case is also typical of collectivebargaining of governmental and private actors. The negative effect of collectivebargaining on employer stock share is significantly reduced when workers are given control over asset allocation. Finally, collectivebargaining in an organized industry could set a floor under disruptive employer competition to pay the lowest wages. The new projects delimit the significance of collectivebargaining and force workers and unions to adjust. Collectivebargaining persists in these sectors because it is part of the strategies of the players in the field to keep playing the same game. A most effective way to teach was by practicing pluralism, doing collectivebargaining over and over until it became second nature. Nonetheless, a strike is legal only if it conforms to certain strict procedures once the formal process of collectivebargaining has begun. The new policy agenda for centralised bargaining is a chief reason why employers are going along with the recentralising of collectivebargaining. Politicians who support collectivebargaining with laws and other services skim off their share of the rent in the form of campaign contributions. Strikes are rare and are thus newsworthy; 15 public relations, education, lobbying, and the forming of joint ventures to allow collectivebargaining are hardly newsworthy. In the area of labor relations, decentralization of collectivebargaining and wage restraint reduced the power of the unions. An important feature of the reform package was the creation of a national structure for collectivebargaining with only indirect government involvement. They believe that it must be forced to compete, to search for loans, to form joint ventures, and to engage in collectivebargaining. Some proposals would have also undermined the unions' collectivebargaining position by allowing more firm-level, as opposed to industry wide bargaining. Conceiving regimes also allows us to discern the different possible purposes of collectivebargaining techniques which may be associated with one or another regime. Moreover, there is an element of collectivebargaining in the various declarations of the king and the miners. These processes- unionisation and successful collectivebargaining-have been seen, if only by omission, as gender neutral. Collectivebargaining and the wage-price spiral certainly did not inaugurate a phase of happy consensus between leaders of industry and the labour movement. The shopkeepers wanted to keep to the individual agreement, while the core in the collectivebargaining process meant the opposite. Collectivebargaining agreements, pension plans and other long-term economic contracts are all arranged with the expected level of inflation in mind. As a very different discourse and method for regulating employment to collectivebargaining, the law provided a double-edged challenge to trade unions. This was part of a pivotal challenge to the system of voluntary collectivebargaining that had traditionally benefited the labour movement. In this sense, political bargaining did not replace collectivebargaining, but became another strategy that organised workers employed in their negotiations with employers. After 1950, these pensions were gradually integrated into collectivebargaining. Reductions in sickness, unemployment and survivor benefits became the focus of collectivebargaining agreements. Currently the structure of collectivebargaining is under review. These guidelines are used as the basis for collectivebargaining negotiations that take place between the social partners the following month. In most states farmworkers do not have the right to collectivebargaining or overtime10. Pure-and-simple unionism can only begin if employers recognize unions and engage in collectivebargaining. Sustaining the project of collectivebargaining specifically means sustaining workers' rights to participate in determining the employment relationship. Under more favorable conditions, employers could accede to collectivebargaining and concessions on wage and hours. Today, the dominant political forces do not take collectivebargaining for granted; they do nothing to nourish belief and practice. Unionization, has a significant and positive effect on pension expense, implying that collective bargaining increases pension expenses (even when we do not control for participants' overall compensation). Although it would be unfair to say that doctors always have their way, doctors can be seen to have a very strong hand when it comes to collectivebargaining. Collectivebargaining is the right step. In nations in which some sort of democratic process exists, other methods such as collectivebargaining or arbitration (binding or otherwise) have been used to forestall strikes. Similarly, the sector with the greatest gain in collectivebargaining in the last generation is state and local government where political coalitions in power can essentially self-deal. Unfortunately, its unilateral imposition in the public sector poisoned the well of co-operation on which the government would depend for any compromises on free collectivebargaining. Although this association is losing some control over collectivebargaining, its constituent associations have developed other functions, such as creating deliberative forums for managers, especially at the local level. Although the peak association is losing some control over collectivebargaining, the associations have developed other functions, such as creating deliberative forums for managers, especially at the local level. This demanded a certain sensitivity to new perspectives on working life, but the entrenched view that collectivebargaining was capable of solving most problems bred a certain self-satisfaction. Because wage drift tends to primarily benefit high-wage groups (whose wages are held back in the collectivebargaining process), it undermines the distributive terms of the centralized wage bargain. Centralization is a characteristic of the process of collectivebargaining, and its effects depend on the extent to which wages across the employment spectrum are determined through collectivebargaining. The latter limited the ability of employers to gain state protection from their employees and helped create a space for unions' economic competition and collectivebargaining. The process of creating a new order did not require dismantling and disestablishment; collectivebargaining could be displaced by removing and substituting new forms of authority. Challenges to collectivebargaining mounted in the 1960s when government officials began to harbor serious doubts about its value as a tool to deal with the problems of the day. Thus, a major sector organization observed that the decentralizing pressures on collective wage negotiations meant that 'fewer firms will need organizations to give them advice about collectivebargaining'. This is clearly illustrated not only by the legal content of the reforms, but also by the declining rates of unionisation, size of unions and coverage of collectivebargaining. As reciprocal trade increases and product markets converge, mounting price pressures may ultimately force policymakers and collectivebargaining parties to institute labour market liberalization, but this all takes time. State judges simply cannot revert to commercial contract doctrine or, even less, to master-servant doctrine, in deciding employment security cases even though collectivebargaining has not been attempted. It employs the device of encouraging collectivebargaining and trade association agreements (the latter subject to public approval), and makes wages thus arrived at prima facie the fair wage standard. Origins of seniority provisions in collectivebargaining. They have failed in general to explain the law on collectivebargaining authoritatively and to demand the legal minimum wage. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English It means that the collectivebargaining system and the social dialogue have a major role to play in developing flexicurity. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Labour law and collectivebargaining are intrinsically linked. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English They have actually got collectivebargaining right across the board. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English The second principle is the right to recognition for collectivebargaining purposes. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The objective is to specify the precise dimensions of the issues that are appropriate to the collectivebargaining proposals. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The very imposition of collectivebargaining is undesirable. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 More to the point, what will be the effect of its definition of collectivebargaining? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Collectivebargaining, to be most effective, must have some kind of instrument for negotiation between employers and workmen. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It introduces a pay review body which by definition denies the right to free collectivebargaining between employers and employees. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The end of collectivebargaining and poor industrial relations in education will raise still further the esteem in which the teaching profession is held. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Then there is the question of the provision for collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It was aimed largely at small companies that were unfamiliar with the formal processes of collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They do not have to engage in collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In my view there should be collective planning and not collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The idea of collectivebargaining was all right in 19th-century economics, when there was free-for-all, but it is not right today. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is no interference at all in that respect with free collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In some occupations increases come naturally as a result of prearrangement while in others they are the result of collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 This only means some attempt to interfere with market forces and not merely collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I happen to have old-fashioned ideas about collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 His speech revealed a complete ignorance of how our system of collectivebargaining works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Does he intend that free collectivebargaining should ever be restored, and, if so, when? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In the opinion of my advisers that would have an adverse effect upon the present excellent collectivebargaining machinery. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It has been the policy of preserving and developing this system of collectivebargaining machinery for the whole of industry. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I do not think that they are putting forward the case that they object to having their terms of employment settled by collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It would ossify and fossilise the wages councils and make it much more difficult for them to break into the area of free collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A fresh approach is necessary to facilitate the growth of collectivebargaining in those industries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He speaks of increased costs, but rates of pay in non-scheme ports are settled by the normal process of collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Pensions are deferred pay and as such are central to the collectivebargaining process. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is also generally agreed that, in order to bring that about, the collectivebargaining system ought to be improved and extended. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In judging relationships between employee and employer we must ensure that people do not suffer in any way from problems relating to collectivebargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In my view, by and large really free collectivebargaining has not existed in this country since the war, and probably not since before then. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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