| 词汇 | example_english_clone |
| 释义 | Examples of cloneThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. After each split, clones are assigned to the new nodes using the majority rule, and the apparent misclassification rate of the tree is calculated. The observed morphological variation was probably due to genetic differences, since all clones were reared in a common environment. Therefore, aphid clones were categorized into two colours: red and green. An answer to a complex problem : cloning the mouse t-complex responder. In particular, the slowest developing clones were most likely to be missing from our estimates. The two values are equal when clones are equally frequent. The selfed parent and outcrossed progeny genotypes are cloned and assayed in one common environment. Of the clones, 21 were full-length (2n9 kb) elements and the rest were shorter elements due to internal deletions. Numbers of clones identified are given on the right. Samples of clones were put in the middle of a plate before being dispersed. Many of the clones also contained tri-, tetra and pentanucleotide repeat units near the dinucleotide repeat. Overlapping clones (four phages) spanning 22 kb were recovered. A 300 bp repeat was identified in two clones. Preimplantation and postimplantation development of rat embryos cloned with cumulus cells and fibroblasts. Transmitochondrial differences and varying levels of heteroplasmy in nuclear transfer cloned cattle. To our knowledge, few studies have been carried out on the cell-cycle stage of ear fibroblast cells from transgenic cloned cattle. In conclusion, a detailed analysis of cell-cycle stages for ear fibroblasts from transgenic cloned cattle was presented in this study. Transgenically cloned large domestic animals have many potential applications, such as the production of therapeutic and nutritional proteins, xenotransplantation and basic research. Our study showed that the interspecies and intraspecies cloned embryos and in vivo-produced goat embryos had a similar tendency for developmental mitochondria change. In this study cumulus cells were used as donor cells because they have been shown to serve as ideal somatic cells for cloning. Localization and function of five glutamate transpor ters cloned from the salamander retina. Although the number of clones was limited caused by specimen availability, the analysed codon utilization did not have a strong bias. Given its simplicity and low cost, we decided to extend the discontinuous method for the freezing of nuclear donor cells for cloning experiments. In general, several hours are needed for micromanipulation of enucleation and somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce a large amount of cloned embryos. Production of cloned lambs from an established embryonic cell line: a comparison between in vivo- and in vitro-matured cytoplasts. Production of chimeric transgenic rabbit blastocysts from cloned blastomer. Frequency and occurrence of late-gestation losses from cattle cloned embryos. A subset of clones was verified more thoroughly by measuring under r40 magnification the sizes of the haploid colonies obtained after tetrad dissection. Eight calves cloned from somatic cells of a single adult. The issue of cloning people presents another good example. The clones varied considerably between individual groups, while individual clones displayed only minor differences over the course of the study. To overcome this, many molecular techniques have been used recently to distinguish clones of enteric pathogens for epidemiological investigations. However, non-typable clones were also encountered in relatively large numbers and as could be seen from their sources, they were also involved in invasive infections. The effects of polymorphic function cloning on code size need more thorough investigation, however. However, no clones were isolated containing this type of repeat. Data on viability of cultures, and the proportion of live cells which had differentiated on day 7 were collected for 11 clones. However, it is improbable that differences in phenotype were created during the production of clones, in fact the opposite is expected. Second, slower growing clones would be expected to lose out in competitive interactions in mixed infections. From this screening, 3 clones corresponding to paramyosin were isolated. Specific proteins encoded by cloned genes have been localised to these organelles. Within the clades, ' randomized congregations ' of clones representing different isolates and different geographical origins were identified. Secondly, parasite clones could adversely affect each other through strain-transcending immunity. The 5 clones were maintained in vitro for up to 39 days and immunofluorescent analysis carried out at weekly intervals. In other cases parts of the structure (loops or domains) are removed during cloning to facilitate crystallization. Six clones showed significant similarities to known parasite nematode sequences but with no assigned function. Submission of the sequence data to the databases showed that 5 of the clones contained a non-relevant vector-insert. The first intermediate hosts in trematode life cycles serve as a means to asexually increase the number of clones available for infecting subsequent hosts. The sizes (in basepairs) of the selected clones are indicated. Among the 19 clones, the differences in expression varied from 8-fold to on\\off. The 19 clones were sequenced, and their sizes varied from 68 to 240 bp. In addition, a putative phosphatidylethanolamine transfer protein has been cloned. Several other clones were found to represent genes with expression profiles and kinetics identical to those of the wdr16 gene. Classes can be viewed as templates for the creation of clones of a given object. The initial analysis was limited to 85 clones. Individual clones with a high rate of metabolism could establish better infection in mice than clones with a low rate of metabolism. The results of this experiment showed that schistosomula derived from individual clones incorporate methionine into membrane proteins, but at different rates. Two to three positive clones per successful transformation were sequenced. Such results might thus indicate the presence of a few clones distributed in that population. In separate analyses of the clones originating from secondary hosts no association was found between morphology and either life cycle category or colour. Clonal cultures were established from a single apterous adult virginopara from each sample, except for two clones from peach that were started from alatae. Most clones could do better on one crop (usually the source) than another, but others performed equally well. The largest and smallest specific impacts were compared among clones within each group of cultivars and aphid species, using a paired t-test. Therefore, earlycolonizing aphids represented most of the clones caught subsequently and three of these clones were represented by winged forms. Five clones for each of three aphid species and three cultivars, with control plants and 10 replicates, resulted in 45 treatments and 540 pots. Care was taken when handling aphids to avoid cross-contamination between different clones. Nevertheless, for the sake of our construction, we treat them as disjoint, cloning the vertices as much as necessary. Assume that e and e are not clones. The distinction has to do with the reason cloning would be used. What are the rights of women whose uteri are to be used for gestating clones? In reply, the idea that we must first consider a woman cloning herself seems mistaken, for several reasons. In addition, even individuals with favored traits may have genes associated with diseases that could lead to insurance discrimination against the individuals cloned. In 1996, a new method of cloning sheep embryos was reported, which involved first establishing cell cultures from single embryos. The most immediate ethical argument against cloning concerns risk, the possibility of doing harm. Would the cloned, implanted entity feel like a unique person? In that world it would not be reasonable to say that cloning in itself violates the right in question. Reproductive privacy can be protected while having a generally effective policy that prohibits cloning except in cases of infertility. There would also be a serious violation of personal autonomy if the clones were under the control of those who produced them. Thus, if we permit cloning in the infertility cases, in effect we open the door for anyone to use cloning and get away with it. Prohibiting cloning in the future might prevent us from helping infertile couples in these ways. By means of such techniques, a child created with cloning technology could have genes from both parents. In reply, we can account for cloning being unethical in such a case without inventing a new concept of harm. Another objection is that it would be inconsistent to permit cloning for infertile couples but not fertile ones. Real research projects associated with cloning invariably evoke horror. Appearing to promise both amazing new control over nature and terrifying dehumanization, cloning has gripped the popular imagination. Cells were then cloned by limited dilution into 96 well plates. Such clones are large enough to cover most gaps and small enough to sequence conveniently by transposon insertion methods. Therefore, data from these clones could be taken to estimate the complexity of the responses in vivo. However, the molecule was cloned and directly shown to be incapable of triggering calcium oscillations. None of the clones in this category is predicted to encode a protein larger than 100 amino acids. The subsequent acquisition of clones can be as simple as ordering the entire set from a sole supplier. An average of eight independent clones for each receptor were isolated and sequenced in their entirety. Because identical clones are rarely found in two different joints, however, these immune reactions are probably unique to each individual joint. The diversity of the secondary cell libraries >10 10independent clones per library. Active polymerase variants were identified, cloned, and sequenced following each round of selection. The range of activity for other microsomal enzymes was much lower in the same fibroblast clones. Because both types of clones are derived from the same individual, variability introduced by differences in autosomal genetic background is eliminated by our experimental strategy. At that time, 16/96 wells had cells growing in them (16.7% cloning efficiency), while the remaining wells did not. The cloning process might generate false-positive or false-negative results because of the cloned sequences being recognized out of the context of the surrounding genomic sequences. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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