Examples of chronic

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The impact of the symptom of chronic fatigue from the subject's perspective is of significance.
Furthermore, it has been suggested that in chronic schizophrenia progressively enhanced susceptibility to psychotic state and relapse occurs.
Managing chronic back pain : impact of an interdisciplinary team approach.
The possibility of chronic, residual impairment from which a person never completely recovers is real.
We suggest that studying a more parsimonious case definition - impairing chronic fatigue not due to a known cause - would represent a way forward.
Dysregulated production of these cytokines has been associated with several autoimmune disorders and chronic inflammatory processes.
Accumulating evidence shows that persistent changes in spinal astrocytes in different chronic pain conditions often outlast microglial changes.
An association between chronic non-inflammatory visceral pain and microglial function, similar to that which links somatic pain and microglial activation, has not been demonstrated previously.
Management of chronic pain is a real challenge, and current treatments that focus on blocking neurotransmission in the pain pathway have resulted in limited success.
A similar, though weaker, relationship was shown between volunteering and chronic physical-health problems.
Whether people with dementia perceive quality of life in the same way as people with other chronic illnesses remains unknown.
Treating chronic disease and pain with music-mediated imagery.
Can the chronic fatigue syndrome be defined by distinct clinical features ?
Our results suggest that a specific psychosocial stressor precedes the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome, at least in some cases.
In total nearly a third of people with chronic fatigue syndrome described a dilemma before the start of their illness, compared with no controls.
Two people had harmed themselves during the current episode of chronic fatigue syndrome.
Cognitive slowing and working memory difficulties in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Comparisons were for all subjects and for subjects with characteristics previously identified in the literature as important for categorizing chronic fatigue.
Additionally, this has led to much speculation about the role of the immune system in neuropsychiatric syndromes, including depression and chronic fatigue.
Physical and psychological correlates of functioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Does non-surg ical pain center treatment of chronic pain return patients to work ?
Previous research suggests that children are a high risk group vulnerable to the effects of chronic noise exposure.
Thus, the description of the relevant noise exposures as chronic is justified.
Previous field studies have indicated that children's cognitive performance is impaired by chronic aircraft noise exposure.
If our interpretation of our results is correct, what are the implications for understanding the clinical heterogeneity of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia ?
However, these authors were attempting to validate a screening scale for chronic fatigue which influenced the selection of items for the input dataset.
Positive responses were summed to yield a count of chronic medical conditions.
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were compared to patients with only chronic fatigue using a multiple regression model with sample differences controlled.
Only well-defined and recognized somatic diseases, but not medically unexplained syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel or chronic fatigue syndrome, were considered sufficient somatic explanation.
A survey of the attitudes of chronic psychiatric patients living in the community toward their medication.
A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and costeffectiveness of counselling patients with chronic depression.
In patients with chronic medical conditions, depression can be viewed as an expected reaction to illness or an independent condition requiring active treatment.
When it was introduced, supplementary prescribing was seen as most suitable for the management of chronic conditions.
Bipolar disorder is a chronic disease with a variety of different clinical symptoms.
Individuals were excluded if they were immunocompromised, had a chronic diarrhoeal illness or were on long-term antibiotic therapy.
They contain hierarchical and categorical relationships between the concepts; for example, chronic enteritis is-a disease and colitis ulcerosa is-a chronic enteritis.
The range of total chronic health conditions was from none to nine, with the median being one condition.
The transition to privatelypurchased home-care was associated with higher age, high education, high income, stable chronic diseases and incident co-morbid diseases.
A third concern may be that chronic physical diseases and functional limitations were measured by selfreport.
The trauma of being psychotic : a neglected element in the management of chronic schizophrenia.
The role of general practitioners and their teams in health promotion and chronic disease management are not specifically covered.
Women are becoming more like men, and the different age groups are becoming more like each other, in their reporting of limiting chronic illness.
None of the children had sensorineural hearing loss or other chronic diseases.
A chronic abnormality of the immune system is the mechanism frequently proposed for the pathogenesis of the amyloidosis.
Initial versus recurrent infection p<0.05; initial infection versus chronic carditis p<0.001.
The relationship of locus of control to pain coping strategies and psychological distress in chronic pain patients.
The obstructive lesions are encountered more frequently with the recurrences, or later in the chronic phase.
A 12-year-old boy presented with chronic abdominal distension of 3 months duration and weight loss.
Chronic problems with oral feeding and gastroesophageal reflux necessitated a fundoplication and placement of a gastrostomy-tube.
Right ventricular dysfunction has been attributed either to persisting high right ventricular afterload or to chronic myocardial hypoxia prior to repair.
On the other hand, the [chronic patient] usually gets into his/her critical situation differently.
In addition, most of their measures examine preventive and chronic care.
We also do not know whether the patient's caregivers have explored the possibility of chronic hemo- or peritoneal dialysis with her.
As in valvar aortic stenosis, there is concern that chronic exercise may accelerate ventricular hypertrophy.
Treatment of chronic infections therefore calls for new strategies.
Instead, as mentioned above, 800 million people suffer from chronic hunger.
Late-life depression : how to treat patients with co-morbid chronic illness.
Since the number of chronic conditions increases with age, there is an apparent relationship between predisposing and need variables.
509 parental separation or divorce, exposure to severe marital conflict, and severe chronic illness of a close family member or friend.
In accordance with the theory, the chronic offenders group comprised only 6% of the total sample.
Alternatively, it may simply be that the adverse effects of chronic stress do not manifest themselves in the hippocampus until postpubertal development.
She meets criteria for chronic mania although she presents as a child with infantile emotion regulation.
Secondary effects not considered include those on chronic health, ecosystems, visibility and traffic accidents, and related quality of life improvements.
Ongoing chronic animal studies with a range of device sizes will pioneer early human study.
Early-onset arrest (prior to age 14 years) has been shown to be associated with both chronic juvenile offending and adult recidivism.
In the total sample, after controlling for externalizing disorder, depression severity was associated with interpersonal episodic and chronic stress.
Most chronic diseases appear to have more than one cause - and most risk factors, more than one pathological effect.
Child delinquents have a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of becoming tomorrow's serious, violent, and chronic offenders.
Thus, there is a compelling need to identify factors in early childhood that are associated with chronic versus self-limiting patterns of externalizing behavior.
First, processes of cumulative continuity, developmental failures, and restricted oppor tunities are hypothesized to continue to be at work for chronic offenders during early adulthood.
Autism is a severe, chronic developmental disorder which is characterized by impairments in social and communicative behavior and a restricted range of activities and interests.
Concentration problems were highest among boys with a chronic high aggression trajectory and also differentiated boys with increasing aggression from boys with stable low aggression.
Further neurologic risk is conferred by a state of chronic brain iron deficiency in the fetus.
There have been several studies that have focused on the impact of chronic stress in childhood on later behavioral and biological adaptation.
Prior exposure to chronic stress results in enhanced synthesis and release of hippocampal norepinephrine in response to a novel stressor.
The direct effect of chronic partial sleep loss on food intake, energy expenditure, and obesity now needs to be explored.
From our study, we hypothesize that the moderate chronic sleep debt associated with habitual short sleep is associated with increased appetite and energy expenditure.
Prevalent inflammatory disease was defined as the presence of rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis.
To convert one "chronic" every six to eight years was considered a landmark.
Consistent with other outcome indicators, the psychogenic group included in this study went on to a chronic course twice as often as endogenous depressives.
On the whole, those with chronic disorders, that is those with moderate or severe disabilities throughout, had poorer mental health than other groups.
Remarkably little has been published on how older people cope with chronic illness, and how it affects their lives.
Problems with eyesight, arthritis and related problems, including footcare, were among the major factors associated with chronic disability and with deterioration in the study period.
Very chronic problems can be speeded up by applying the same solution as that taken by mouth, externally to the back, thighs and lower legs.
A preventive approach to chronic diseases is therefore appealing.
Such information is important because the pathologic spectrum of these chronic human retroviral infections has not been completely described.
The effectiveness of coumadin for atrial fibrillation in chronic dialysis patients has not been assessed previously.
Atrial fibrillation is thought to be more common in chronic dialysis patients than in the general population, although population based comparisons are not available.
The interdisciplinary teams that manage patients with chronic conditions will be able to track their panels, and seamlessly exchange information.
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