| 词汇 | example_english_chromatic |
| 释义 | Examples of chromaticThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Estimating chromatic contrast thresholds from the transient visual evoked potential. Discrimination in the absence of chromatic contrast between the test and surround was also studied. The gap effect: chromatic and achromatic visual discrimination as affected by field separation. A straight line can be fitted to all data points in each plot, providing a straightforward estimate of the chromatic discrimination threshold. Temporal responses to chromatic and achromatic change inferred from temporal double-pulse integration. There is again no correlation between the matching range and the subject's measure of red-green chromatic sensitivity y 3.318 0.768 * x; r 2 0.011!. Immediately after testing on the sixth day, very-long-term chromatic adaptation began and continued for 12 or 14 days. The chromatic stimulation probed only responses to the red-green axis. The highest pooled cone contrast for isoluminant chromatic gratings was 0.12 and for achromatic gratings was 1. We used counterphase, sinusoidal modulation of a bipartite field as a stimulus, using chromatic, achromatic, and cone-isolating modulation. With chromatic modulation, center and surround contributions are in phase, so there is no spatial antagonism and no such effect is present. Again, it is straightforward to derive response to luminance and chromatic modulation from eqns. We were able to extend these earlier observations to chromatic as well as achromatic stimuli. Chromatic and contrast selectivity in color contrast the adapting axis that best fit the hue changes. When chromatic stimuli are tested against white, it is as though brightness no longer matters. The tuning of human photopigments may minimize red-green chromatic signals in natural conditions. In fact, we find evidence for the existence of chromatic mechanisms of variable bandwidth in suprathreshold vision across color space. The synthesised bass is extremely restless, moving mostly by tritone and half-step, and traversing the chromatic aggregate save for one pitch. The harmony changes subtly when the pitches are permutated: one pitch is replaced by, say, its chromatic neighbour. The orchestral bass meanwhile gives out one of those complete chromatic descents that signal nega at full sensual strength. In the soloing/improvising of a blues the choice could be any of the notes from the chromatic scale. Here only the chromatic descent will be discerned: the darkness has finally made the outline of the butterflies that cause it invisible. In addition, there was more spatial opponency in response to chromatic stimulation rather than less, as observed in the original model and in physiological experiments. The solid symbols show the settings to achromatic when the test stimuli are embedded in each of the chromatic surrounds. Our data did agree with expectation for the equiluminant chromatic plain. The monopolar stimulus combines the appropriate chromatic with the appropriate achromatic stimulus to produce some edge enhancement in a given cell type. In either case they imply the presence of more than two mechanisms within the chromatic plane. The adaptation and test stimuli consisted of isoluminant chromatic modulation. Difference in temporal appearance associated with activity in the chromatic and achromatic systems. Studies that focused purely on the chromatic input to global motion processing provide conflicting evidence. The amplitude and phase of a cell's response vary with temporal frequency in ways that depend on the chromatic properties of the stimulus. The change in a cell's chromatic properties with temporal frequency provides too little information to estimate the chromatic signature of its surround. At higher frequencies chromatic opponency was weakened in almost all cells. Data points were fitted with regression lines which were then extrapolated for zero amplitude level to obtain chromatic difference thresholds. There was a variety of cell response types and a potential for complex processing of chromatic stimuli, with intensity- and wavelength-dependent response components. However, adaptive optics has not yet allowed imaging of the chromatic topography of the retina for eccentricities greater than approximately 88. Lenses for correcting chromatic aberration of the eye. Here we examine the chromatic input to global motion processing for a range of color directions in the photopic luminance range. Separate colour-opponent mechanisms underlie the detection and discrimination of moving chromatic targets. Therefore, our method of separating chromatic and luminance stimulation was effective enough and sufficient for the purpose of this study. Sensitivity of macaque retinal ganglion cells and human observers to combined luminance and chromatic temporal modulation. The equiluminance pairs for chromatic gratings were determined based on this result. The extraction of chromatic orientation flows from retinal images requires neurons that respond to chromatic modulations and are also selective for local orientation. The letters symbolize different fields of the image and are used in the text to define the different types of chromatic changes used. A sequential methodology was preferred to a side-by-side presentation because it allowed partial chromatic adaptation to the specific illuminant tested. A series of five coherent chromatic transformations in color space was applied across a figure: translation, convergence, shear, divergence and rotation. Thus, from the point of view of chromatic diversity, this would not be the ideal illumination for the paintings tested here. The main results indicated an interaction between the type of chromatic transformation and stimulus motion and complexity. Spatial and temporal contrast produced equivalent reductions in chromatic discriminability as the chromatic difference between the test and surround increased. Chromatic contrast discrimination thresholds were assessed by a four-alternative spatial forced-choice procedure. First, the advantage of chromatic information is enhanced when 622.5-deg luminance masking components are added to the pattern. Chromatic flows required less cone contrast to convey shape than did achromatic flows, thus ruling out luminance artifacts as a problem. Psychophysical model of chromatic perceptual transparency based on subtractive color mixture. Cerebral imagery of perceptual integration areas involved in integrating local color differences are the same areas activated differentially by chromatic stimuli. Regions differentially activated by chromatic versus achromatic geometric patterns showed no significant differential response related to the coherence0incoherence of local color differences. However, if the 0-deg component had only chromatic contrast, he identified nearly all surface shapes as flat. An object's chromatic surroundings may vary in time as well as space. Temporal modulation occurred between two points along an equiluminant, isolated l, or isolated s chromatic axis. However, there exists no detailed physiological model of how the chromatic integration is delimited by signals from contours or edges. When the test stimulus was set entirely within a chromatic surround, chromatic discrimination for a steadily viewed light was best. Chromatic pulsedand steady-pedestal data were measured in separate sessions. Chromatic induction measured here by nulling modulation was consistent in sign with previous experiments that used asymmetric color matching, but what about inducing magnitude? Similar reasoning applies to other comparisons of temporally-modulated versus steady chromatic induction. Because images were presented sequentially in the same position on the screen, position-dependent chromatic errors in each pair of images were the same. In both types of sequences, the disk underwent a brief chromatic change midway through the temporal presentation sequence. The disk was presented for 15 frames of 13.3 ms each, and the chromatic change was always presented in the eighth frame. Instead, chromatic detection of moving stimuli may be accounted for by spatial and temporal integration alone. The present study considers a related but different question: how does motion affect chromatic detection? In both sequences, the spatial presentation of the disk with the chromatic change was identical. The appearance of the test square was altered by distant inducing bars at the same chromaticity, which appeared different only because of local chromatic induction. First, are more than three mechanisms required to explain chromatic discrimination behavior? The perceptual alternation results from competing chromatic signals, but are competing receptoral signals from the two eyes necessary for binocular color rivalry? The curves represent fits of detection threshold data for luminance and chromatic gratings. Responses to compound and chromatic gratings are similar. Chromatic properties of retinal ganglion cells can be modeled through random connections between cones and later neurons; alternatively connectional specificity may be present. When chromatic contrast was doubled, the phase difference varied from 1.78 to 1.58 for the same stimulus conditions as mentioned above. Since we fit the model to a complete data set, small deviations from linearity for the largest responses have little effect on chromatic tuning. Physiological mechanisms underlying psychophysical sensitivity to combined luminance and chromatic modulation. We begin with the assumption that infants have color perceptions, and that the colors they perceive control their looking preferences among chromatic stimuli. Photoresponses were elicited by long-wavelength and shor t-wavelength light stimuli in the dark-adapted state and under conditions of chromatic background illumination. We suggest a complementary, perceptual explanation: response dis!advantage depends on whether the stimuli are isoluminant and on the opponent chromatic subsystem involved. The luminance of chromatic regions was fixed at 8 cd0m 2 throughout the experiments. Low luminance-contrast, rivalrous chromatic gratings were presented dichoptically. Studies of binocular color rivalry and mixture, however, do not specifically examine the competing chromatic neural representations from the two eyes. The chromatic regions of the two gratings were in phase. As is already apparent by a glance at the original notation, there is a proliferation of chromatic inflections. There is a traditional locus associating visual colour, semitones, beauty (softness, sweetness) and inbetweenness with the chromatic melodic genus and the chromatic tetrachord. If we require that all the lists are the same, then we obtain the classical definition of the chromatic number. We study the complexity of computing the coefficients of three classical polynomials, namely the chromatic, flow and reliability polynomials of a graph. We return to this here and examine the chromatic polynomial to highlight the difficulties. The colour classes corresponding to chromatic number are the colour classes determined by complete graphs. The intriguing question of bounding the strong chromatic number in terms of the maximum degree has not yet been answered completely. Let us first discuss the difficulties one may face when one needs to estimate the choice number instead of the chromatic number. While its chromatic number is 2, we do not know the exact value of its choice number. Further, because chromatic contrast requires only wavelength sensitivity, but constancy requires something more, it is likely that contrast evolved first. The pitches of all the parts combined nearly fill a five-octave chromatic span. Modes 1 and 2 are complementary in that, together, they cover all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. One can have, for instance, the diatonic scale, which has a more complex structure than the chromatic scale. The following passage, the climax of the middle section, is marked by chromatic harmony. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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