| 词汇 | example_english_bone-marrow |
| 释义 | Examples of bone marrowThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. One concerns the management of a patient who developed a fever following a bonemarrow transplant. Volunteering children for bonemarrow donation: children's views should have been represented in discussion. In this overview we provide a brief summary of the prognostic role and the potential clinical utility of bonemarrow micrometastases in breast cancer patients. To do this, gene transfer is used to achieve high-level expression of specific drug-resistance factors in bonemarrow. Interestingly, a coincidence of isolated tumour cells in bonemarrow and lymph nodes was found in only two patients. The definitive test for determining iron deficiency still remains the examination of the bonemarrow aspirate for iron content. The latest assessment project in bonemarrow transplantation was the use of autologous bonemarrow (or peripheral stem cell infusion) for breast cancer. Most child donors give bonemarrow to siblings or parents, and this introduces further complications. Dissemination may occur to multiple organs including the skin, oesophagus, liver, lungs, adrenal glands, pancreas, bowel, kidneys, bonemarrow and joints. Physical exercise and quality of life in cancer patients following high dose chemotherapy and autologous bonemarrow transplantation. Although harvesting bonemarrow usually exposes the donor to minimal risk,1 there is no therapeutic benefit. Some doctors referred to uncertainties in the long-term usage of the new drug and suggested bonemarrow transplant. If you retrieve enough kidneys and lobes of liver, and perhaps even peripheral blood or bonemarrow stem cells, a healthy donor will die. This review focuses on the clinical relevance of new diagnostic approaches for the identification and characterisation of individual breast cancer cells disseminated to bonemarrow. Within 4 months, blasts were detected in the blood, and there was evidence of infiltration into bonemarrow and spleen. One possibility i s that the synovial membrane is gradually repopulated with immature mesenchymal and bonemarrow cells with altered properties. Anecdotal observations have been made of autoimmune disease remission in patients who have undergone allogeneic bonemarrow transplantation as a result of coincidental haematological malignancies. Low-grade cases are those with less than 5% bonemarrow blasts, together with a cytopenia of one lineage and a normal karyotype. These patients may present with symptoms of bonemarrow failure and a marked anaemia. Weekly blood counts are required because of concerns about bonemarrow suppression. In response to this, the bonemarrow increases its output of red cells, including reticulocytes. Proof of the presence of the parasite in the host requires direct detection methods, classically by lymph node or bonemarrow microscopical examination and culture. The twins' half-brother needed a bonemarrow transplant. The transferrin then transports iron to the erythroid precursor cells in the bonemarrow, where it is again incorporated into haem biosynthesis. Thus, several groups have developed vectors and strategies to confer genetic chemoprotection upon bonemarrow stem and progenitor cells. Such cells can be derived from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and synovial fluid. Within the fetal haematopoietic system, the bonemarrow is the main site of blood formation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Examples of the former include the donation of a pint of blood or bonemarrow. Bonemarrow-chimaeric mice were constructed to analyse the site of expression of genetic control of resistance. Most patients exhibit symptoms due to lymph node enlargement and also show peripheral lymphocytosis as well as bonemarrow infiltration with lymphoplasmocytoid cells. The other 40% underwent a bonemarrow examination which showed a definite diagnosis in six more patients who had myelodysplasic syndrome. The dose-limiting toxicity is bonemarrow suppression, which is reversible if it is recognized promptly by regular blood counts. However, as the disease progresses and the bonemarrow becomes more fibrotic, then anaemia and bonemarrow failure ensues. Rabies virus replication in primary murine bonemarrow macrophages and in human and murine macrophage-like cell lines : implication for viral persistence. Death was in all cases principally the result of infection following bonemarrow suppression and immunosuppression. High levels of c-rel expression are associated with programmed cell death in the developing avian embryo and in bonemarrow cells in vitro. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bonemarrow rescue followed by interstitial and external-beam radiotherapy in newly diagnosed pediatric malignant gliomas. Bonemarrow-derived macrophages (with green fluorescent transgene) were grafted in the striatum 3, 8 and 16 days after toxin injection. Most early disseminated cancer cells detected in bonemarrow of breast cancer patients have a putative breast cancer stem cell phenotype. Following this case, we designed new guidelines for off-registry donors, melding the procedures used by the bonemarrow registry and our minor donor policy. One had bonemarrow graft failure with recrudescence of endocarditis and died 3 months after surgery. These data support the notion of a metastatic niche formed by bonemarrow and bone stromal cells that promotes metastatic cancer cell growth. Three additional patients had a transient reduction in microscopic bonemarrow disease but no reduction in tumour burden in other locations. Microglial population expansion occurs in response to neural damage via processes that involve mitosis and immigration of bonemarrow-derived cells. If the cause of the macrocytic anaemia remains elusive, referral for bonemarrow examination, including cytogenetics, is advisable. Major symptoms may also be related to acute infection and bonemarrow suppression. These patients developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome following bonemarrow transplantation and in an intensive care unit on the day of surgery. High-dose multi-agent chemotherapy followed by bonemarrow rescue for malignant astrocytomas of childhood and adolescence. The twins' half-brother died, having never received the bonemarrow donation that he needed. I knew an adult who had donated bonemarrow recently, and he reported that it was a very unpleasant experience. This review summarises current data on the clinical significance of occult metastatic breast cancer cells in bonemarrow. He is gravely ill, and everybody is anxiously waiting to see whether the new bonemarrow will take. The court refused to force the bonemarrow donation. Of the various alternative approaches to therapy, allogeneic transplantation of donor bonemarrow or stem cells remains the only curative approach. During the early stages of inflammation, neutrophil production in the bonemarrow is enhanced and neutrophil survival is increased at sites of inflammation. The infusion of donor bonemarrow has often been used to expose recipients before transplantation to the alloantigens of a mismatched organ. Therefore, continuous replenishment is required, necessitating high proliferative capacity in the bonemarrow. Only by implanting stem cells that were extracted from my bonemarrow months earlier was survival possible. The microglia are derived from bonemarrow precursors and were believed to be quiescent under normal conditions. This will determine the possible presence of myelodysplasia or primary bonemarrow failure. One economic study has examined the cost of the bonemarrow recruitment center (9). A characteristic common to most cytostatics is that they affect the bonemarrow and reduce the number of blood cells. However, the number of transplants of parenchyma organs and bonemarrow diminished in 1996 by 25% as compared with 1995. Transplantation of hear t, lung, liver, bonemarrow, and kidneys became possible. Implementation of bonemarrow screening for occult metastatic cells into current tumour classification systems will require either a formal meta-analysis of comparable studies or confirmation studies of the reported trials. In vitro generation of committed progenitors from bonemarrow. Psychological stress in nursing and medical staff on bonemarrow transplant units. A bonemarrow biopsy was not performed. In bonemarrow and organ transplants and even in the more common procedure of blood transfusing, tissue from outside the patient is transferred into the patient for therapeutic purposes. Beyond the best interests of a child: bonemarrow transplantation among halfsiblings. Beyond the best interests of the child: bonemarrow transplantation among half-siblings. The medical ethics of bonemarrow transplantation in childhood. Finally, we describe potentially curative therapies, such as bonemarrow transplant, and discuss some of the outstanding research studies and questions, including the upcoming field of gene therapy for thalassaemia. The route by which the virus spreads from the respiratory tract to the bonemarrow is not known, but may be inferred to be the consequence of viraemia. Yeast stimulation of bonemarrow mitosis for cytogenetic investigations. Comparative cost analysis of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell and bonemarrow transplantation in pediatric patients with malignancies. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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