| 词汇 | example_english_bishop |
| 释义 | Examples of bishopThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. By 1640, the bishops held only 40 places on county commissions - half the number of 1590 and 1608. By 1636 the numbers were lower still : 25 bishops and 72 ministers, totalling fewer than a hundred. Nobles who had been married twice and therefore were unfit for an ecclesiastic career were appointed bishops through bribes, connections or both. Rather, it means that most bishops who meet a man bless the man. However, it must surely now look like a bill which the bishops wanted and for which they mobilized council support. The first day consisted of presentations by several bishops from the region, to provide their perspectives on regional conflict. See ibid. p. 121: '... bishops at their cathedrals say a homily when they lead in the penitents, and they do absolution'. The bishop's approach is not only extremely idiosyncratic but methodologically very intricate. Late medieval bishops requested prayers for the dead in language identical to the laity. Most of the earliest bishops' wives were uncommemorated after death. The bishops constructed residences analogous to those of the political and social aristocracy. Secondly, and most unusually for a bishop's register of this date, there is very little routine business in this volume. The bishops were divided on how to handle the crisis. The tension between bishops and their chapters was also one facet of the growing hostility between bishops and monks in general. 1218-1266 423 bishops' attempts to exercise their abbatial powers. The appointment of monastic bishops had long been an aim of priory chapters, although they had rarely succeeded. All possible eventualities, including the bishop's absence from the country and a lack of suitable candidates from within the priory, were accounted for. Interestingly, the aristocratic families from which the bishops emerged played another important role. The respective rights of bishops, chapters of canons, and others, to ring cathedral bells were carefully defined. On account of their modest social origins, and their endorsement of the unfolding revolutionary process, these prelates became known as ' citizen bishops '. Unsurprisingly the angry monks retaliated, barring entry to the chapter to the bishop's clerks. Magistrates and collectors of revenue are now no longer acquainted with their districts, bishops with their dioceses, or curates with their parishes. Hostile bishops naturally encouraged faithful electors not to participate in the polls. The accusation of poor calibre levelled against citizen bishops, as they soon became known, is equally debatable. Separate chapters describe the bishops, the collegiate clergy, the parish priests, the monks and the nuns, and their slowly changing social roles. In 1621 the clergy had 132 places, 46 held by bishops and 86 by ministers. At last, in 1636-7, they published works which denounced the government of bishops within the church. All of the texts which he produced on episcopacy bear witness to the tensions between bishops and religious during his career. The bishops clearly had no desire to obey the monks. The author asks how the bishops and others understood their position doctrinally and how models of episcopacy were modified by religious change. The cited sources fill 125 pages, and the short biographies of the bishops of nearly seventy sees occupy 900 pages or so. By contrast, the other sources attest that this form of bee-like industry is not the exclusive domain of bishops. The scale of potential sonority resulting from the bishop's remarks is that of lead-tin-silver-gold-copper. Funeral monuments were most adept in commemorating bishops where the tombs had some curious distinction. Too, the communal is a world of competition - not only with other bishops, but with sons. They figured among the most personal councillors and guards of emperors and empresses, they officiated as patriarchs, metropolitans, bishops and abbots. Between 1642 and early 1645, five bishops died. Often rejecting tradition while attempting to depict their reformed lifestyle, they did little to raise the social status of bishops or their wives. Marian bishops proudly wore traditional dress on their tombs. In the bishop's rendition of the planetary music, we can no longer conceive of a single constant pitch per planet. I suspect that possible answers may emerge from considering the bishop's understanding of the term 'ray'. Approximately one-third of its chants borrow from the venerable offices of major temporal feasts, as well as the common of confessor bishops. Probably some clergy took a lead from those bishops who now thought the sacramental benefits of communion outweighed the dangers of unworthy reception. Later grants issued by other bishops are 2155-8 (issued in 1312) and 2210 (issued in 1330). No dates are given for those grants, but the bishops do not all overlap. The processes of impetration seem even more unfathomable, and the impetrators more notably insistent, given the lapse in time between grants made by different bishops. The bishops reformed the community and offered it economic support. He had promised but failed to provide balance sheets and accounts for the bishops' 1875 and 1876 meetings. As royal itineraries illustrate, they lost ground to the episcopal cities and to the bishops to whose number they ceased to supply many recruits. His many admirers had already formed a rival group of communities with their own bishops. The forty-six rural deaneries, which were, unusually, benefices in the bishop's patronage, were too poor to attract notice. Compared to other forms of commemoration, they were irrelevant in preserving the memory of individual bishops. Two of the best articles, for example, demonstrate how crucial the influence of individual bishops could be in shaping the ' tone ' of a diocese. What such behaviour indicates is the residual loyalty that old-regime bishops continued to command. Monastic authorship resulted in the narratives being concerned with monastic-episcopal relationships rather than with the bishop's office in itself. The bishops' lives were initially in danger but this subsided as a response to international pressure, both religious and secular. In other words, the bishops did not wish the law to be changed. As hostilities towards them grew, angry mobs began to prevent the bishops from reaching parliament and sitting in the upper house. Most of these innovations were authorised by the bishops, and canon law provided for some; the most significant, however, required papal approval. A similar story holds for several other bishops and executive officials of the church. The king sends as messengers to the prince men from his court: noblemen, an archbishop, other bishops, and knights. In our country [they enjoy] big titles for [their] bishops. The bishops' income, no matter how large, did not suffice to cover the cost of their "grand-seigneurial" life style. The cathedral chapters, which elected the bishops in their respective dioceses, were firmly in aristocratic hands. Pastoral work was carried out by auxiliary bishops. First, there is no need to look for politically powerful social actors, such as kings and bishops, under whose patronage coins were minted. They provoke the question of what it was that the bishops were trading. Note the inconsistency in the titles given to the bishops. Now we have a rounded portrait that will hold its own alongside the biographies of more famous and better-documented bishops. None the less, the bishops and canons remained largely absentee, thereby giving the crown the decisive role. The whole of society is his parish, from kings and bishops down. Given that, from 1560, tombs were supposed to mirror social order and to avoid heterodoxy, how were bishops represented in their own monuments ? The bishops, given the discretion by statute to demand the oath, were an important element of the campaign to enforce it. He was commissioned by the king to preach a controversial sermon which asserted the supreme authority of the king and the bishops. In his novels, he condemned the small-mindedness and complacency of the bishops. Almost all fifteenth-century monuments depicted bishops in their eucharistic vestments, including the distinctive mitre, ring and crozier. The bishops composing this canon must have been fully aware of the connection between individual confession and penance. In an attempt to solve this problem, several twelfth- and thirteenth-century bishops had tried to establish colleges of canons within their dioceses. The bishops acted courageously but without clarifying the appropriate philosophical and theological bases for action. In these three departments electoral attendance was below par, but it is hard to determine the precise effect of the refractory bishops' exhortations, which were circulating in print almost everywhere. In short, were episcopal ideals of piety, honour and memory distinct from those of wealthier laity in the early modern period, and from those of late medieval bishops ? However, it is also directly related to two other contemporary factors : the relationships of bishops with regular clergy residing and operating within their dioceses and with the papacy. In the earliest period, that of the episcopium (c. 300-750), the bishop's residence preserved the architectural vocabulary of antiquity with its melding of private and public space. The bishops concluded with an insistence that changes were necessary, and appealed for social responsibility. The bishops outlined the duties of the state and those of individuals. The bishops insisted that the church 'has a proper and specific responsibility which includes denouncing injustice courageously everywhere and every time it occurs'. The congregation had no access to the high altar, and were thus unable to see the bishop's celebration of the office. Large donations made by bishops were the crucial factor in this reorganisation. Such wealth made it possible to transform the bishop's former residence with the utmost haste. Where there were modifications, they were generally due to the bishops' realisation that the palace had to match the standard of the place of worship. The bishops themselves were generally more cautious in their statements. Of the 130 bishops in 1787, 100 possessed noble ancestry dating back to the sixteenth century. In rejecting it the bishops put principle first and recognised their common interests as churchmen. In every colony, however, the bishop's jurisdiction was buttressed by the orders from the crown which enjoined the governor to uphold his authority. Since the bishop's own authority was far from clearly defined, it was impossible to specify more exactly the powers of the commissary. We know why this assembly was convoked, and it is therefore clear to us why the bishops were vested with such wide-ranging powers. The bishops sought in this respect to compete with the abbey-churches, which housed the remains of particularly renowned saints. The bishop's palace was removed to the south-west. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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